2012年成人高考專升本英語重點(diǎn)語法：動詞

　　動詞

　　1、動詞分類(一)：連系動詞、實(shí)義動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。

　　1.1常用的連系動詞有：轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　appear be become come fall feel get go grow keep

　　lie remain rest run smell sound stand stay taste look

　　1.2實(shí)義動詞有及物動詞和不及物動詞之分

　　1.3助動詞無實(shí)際意義，只起語法作用：

　　Do you read newspaper every day? The job will be finished soon.

　　1.4情態(tài)動詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，增加謂語的情態(tài)、語氣等色彩。

　　2、動詞種類(二)

　　2.1界限性動詞(不能與表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用)，如：

　　catch come die find give join kill lose leave marry realize

　　2.2非界限性動詞(所表示的動作或狀態(tài)可以一直進(jìn)行下去)

　?、賱討B(tài)動詞：live， sit， stand， study， talk， work， write等

　?、跔顟B(tài)動詞：be， belong， consist， exist， feel， hate， have， hope， love， want等

　　3、常跟雙賓語的動詞有：

　　ask bring buy choose do deny fetch get give grant hand leave lend

　　make offer order pay pass promise sell send show take teach tell write

　　常見動詞搭配：

　　1、動詞 + 介詞：

　　listen to聽 amount to等于 long for渴望 call on號召 operate on 為……動手術(shù)

　　consist of 由……組成 resist in堅(jiān)持 account for解釋 look at 看 care for 照顧

　　object to反對 send for 派人去請 rely on 依靠 depend on 依靠 stand for代表

　　laugh at 嘲笑 wait for等待 look into調(diào)查 apply for申請 believe in 信仰

　　play with玩 come across碰見 go through通過

　　2、動詞 + 副詞：轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

　　give up放棄 carry out執(zhí)行 look up查找 point out指出 bring up撫養(yǎng)

　　find out查明 hand in上交 make out認(rèn)出 think over考慮 put on穿

　　wipe out消滅 pick up揀起 throw away拋棄 set up建立 take off脫掉

　　turn down拒絕 give away暴露 hand out分發(fā) call off取消 turn off關(guān)掉

　　knock off停工 stand up起立 break down出毛病 look out小心 take off起飛

　　run out耗盡 catch up趕上 give in讓步 grow up長大 hang around逗留

　　pass away去世 show off炫耀 drop out退出 get up起床 go on 繼續(xù)

　　3、動詞 + 副詞 + 介詞：

　　cut down on減少 get along with與…相處 run out of 用光 look up to尊敬 date back to追溯

　　get through with完成 keep up with 跟上 make up for 補(bǔ)償 come down with患病 sit in on旁聽

　　do away with 拋棄 look forward to 期望 put up with 忍受 stand up to反對 look down upon瞧不起

　　4、動詞 + 名詞 + 介詞

　　catch sight of 看見 find fault with挑…毛病 keep an eye on照看 make fun of 取笑

　　make friends with與…交友 pay attention to注意 shake hands with與…握手 take advantage of 利用

　　take part in參加 get rid of擺脫 give rise to引起 lose sight of 看不見

　　make use of 利用 take care of照料 throw light on闡明 put a stop to結(jié)束

　　時態(tài)

　　體態(tài) 一般 進(jìn)行 完成 完成進(jìn)行

　　時間 be +現(xiàn)在分詞 have+過去分詞 have been+

　　現(xiàn)在分詞

　　現(xiàn)在 works

　　work is

　　am + working

　　are has

　　have+worked has

　　have+been working

　　過去 worked was

　　were + working had worked had been working

　　將來 will

　　shall +work will

　　shall +be working will

　　shall+have worked will

　　shall+have been working

　　過去將來 would

　　should+work would

　　should+be working would

　　should+have worked would

　　should +have been working

　　1、一般現(xiàn)在時

　　1.1表習(xí)慣性動作;人或事物的特性或狀態(tài);客觀真理等

　　Everyone is in high spirits. Light travels more quickly than sound.

　　1.2用于時間和條件狀語從句，代替一般將來時

　　If it is fine tomorrow， we will go on a picnic. When you come next time， bring me some magazines.

　　1.3與具有"出發(fā)，到達(dá)"含義的動詞連用，表示按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的動作

　　The delegation arrives in Beijing this afternoon. There is a new film tonight.

　　2、一般過去時(表示過去某時間的動作或狀態(tài))

　　The children went out just now. She died ten years ago. I lost my wallet at the theatre.

　　3、一般將來時

　　3.1 will/shall do： Next month， my sister will be nineteen. I shall/will return you the book tomorrow.

　　3.2 be going to do： The wall is going to be painted green. It is going to rain.

　　3.3 be to do表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事： We are to meet at the school gate.

　　3.4 be about to do即將(正要)做某事： Autumn harvest is about to start.

　　4、一般過去將來時

　　He said that he would get married soon. I asked him when he would come here again.

　　5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

　　5.1表示說話時，或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或發(fā)生的情況。 They are making an experiment now.

　　5.2 計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生，如go， come， leave， arrive： He is coming here next week and is staying here until August.

　　6、過去進(jìn)行時

　　We were talking about you a moment ago. I was playing the piano when she came in.

　　7、將來進(jìn)行時

　　What will you be doing this time tomorrow? I believe he’ll be coming soon.

　　8、現(xiàn)在完成時

　　8.1過去發(fā)生但對現(xiàn)在有影響的動作，常跟時間狀語already， yet， never， before， recently， just， ever， once連用。

　　I have been to Peking many times. They have already published the results of their experiments.

　　8.2從過去某時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(可能還要繼續(xù)下去)的動作，常跟時間狀語since， for two years，

　　so far， in recent years等(使用延續(xù)性動詞)

　　He has lived here since 1984. I have studied English for two years.

　　1)他參軍已經(jīng)有十年了。 ①He has been an armyman for ten years.

　　②It is (has been) ten years since he joined the army.

　?、跦e joined the army ten years ago.

　　2)It is (has been)…since： It is (has been) a long time since they last met each other.

　　3) This is the first(second) time that…： This is the second time that I have broken a cup this year.

　　9、過去完成時

　　John had learned some Chinese before he came to China. He found the book that he had lost.

　　By the end of last year， I had worked in this college for ten years.

　　***no sooner………than， hardly(scarcely)……when(before)

　　We had no sooner reached home than it began to rain. No sooner had we reached home than it began to rain.

　　He had hardly entered the office when (before) the phone rang.

　　10、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(常跟for hours， since this morning等表示一段時間的狀語連用)

　　They have been watching TV for two hours. He has been working on this essay since this morning.

　　11、時態(tài)呼應(yīng)特殊規(guī)則

　　Kepler proved that the sun is the center of the solar system. 客觀真理

　　I didn’t go to the ball because I am not fond of dancing. 意義需要

　　被動語態(tài)

　　一般時態(tài) 進(jìn)行時態(tài) 完成時態(tài)

　　現(xiàn)在 am

　　is written

　　are am

　　is being given

　　are has

　　been written

　　have

　　過去 was

　　were written was

　　were being given had been written

　　將來 shall

　　will be written shall

　　will have been written

　　過去將來 should

　　would be written should

　　would have been written

　　***有些動詞表示狀態(tài)或關(guān)系，通常不用于被動語態(tài)：

　　cost花費(fèi) fit適合 have有 hold容納 lack缺乏

　　own占有 possess擁有 resemble像 suit適合 last持續(xù)

　　The boy resembles his father. We have friends all over the world.

　　***少數(shù)短語動詞通常只用被動語態(tài)：

　?、賐e taken in受騙，上當(dāng) ②be supposed to do something應(yīng)該，被期望

　?、踒e intended for something(somebody) / to do something旨在，用于

　　The book is intended for beginners. We are supposed to meet at the gate at 7：00.

　　***轉(zhuǎn)化為系動詞的感官動詞 + 表語

　　Good medicine tastes bitter. This material feels very soft.

　　***不及物動詞和詞組無被動語態(tài)： How long did the meeting last?

　　***in case， whether， where， as soon as遵照"主將從現(xiàn)"原則， 主句用將來時態(tài)，從句用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)

　　Whether I win or lose， I will have a good time. I will write to you as soon as I get here.

　　***表示心理活動和存在的動詞一般不用進(jìn)行時態(tài)： They love and respect each other.

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