2000年上半年全國自學(xué)考試英語(一)真題及答案

　　PART ONE

　　I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each)

　　從下列各句四個選項中選出一個最佳答案，并在答題紙上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。
 
　　1.Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find _________difficult to succeed in language learning.
　　[A]them
　　[B]themselves
　　[C]it
　　[D]itself

　　2.Television ads are short, but they are repeated over and over again ________the audience sees and hears them many times.
　　 [A]in that
　　 [B]so that
　　 [C]as to
　　 [D]so as

　　3. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific, _______it is still very large.
　　 [A]but
　　 [B]and
　　 [C]so
　　 [D]therefore

　　4.No one has been able to prove that fish is _____ better for the brain than many other kinds of food.
　　 [A]some
　　 [B]so
　　 [C]as
　　 [D]any

　　5. Tomatoes were once called love apples and were supposed to make those who ate them ____in love.
　　 [A]fell
　　 [B]feel
　　 [C]fall
　　 [D]felt

　　6.Washing food down with water as a ________for chewing is not a good habit.
　　 [A]direction
　　 [B]substitute
　　 [C]possibility
　　 [D]resource

　　7. It is important to realize that the same technology _______helps us may also harm us.
　　 [A]as
　　 [B]that
　　 [C]what
　　 [D]when

　　8.Science began to develop rapidly when man laid _______his wrong beliefs and began to seek true explanations.
　　 [A]out
　　 [B]down
　　 [C]aside
　　 [D]outside

　　9.Remember,nothing hurts concentration __________reading too slowly.
　　 [A]rather than
　　 [B]as well as
　　 [c]more than
　　 [D]instead of

　　10. More and more people are realizing that there is a ________between heart disease and the way one lives.
　　 [A]correspondence
　　 [B]comparison
　　 [C]connection
　　 [D]consequence
　　
　　II. Cloze Test (10 points,1point for each)

　　下列短文有十個空白，每個空白有四個選項。根據(jù)上下文要求選出最佳答案，并在答題紙上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。

　　Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess, if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play with it __11___their hands were burnt away, ___12____,if pain existed but fear did not, a child would burn itself again and again, because fear would not __13___it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before. Fear and pain are there fore two guards ___14___which men and animals might soon die out.

　　In the first sentence we suggest that fear ought to be properly used. If ,____15_______,you never go out of your house ___16_____of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too ___17____.

　　Even in your house you are not absolutely ___18____:an airplane may crash on your house or you may get cancer!

　　The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but ____19______to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; ____20____you have to decide what action to take.

　　 11.[a]because　　[b]if [c]though [d]until
　　 12.[a]Generally　[b]Probably　[c]Similarly　 [d]Consequently
　　 13.[a]warn 　　　[b]request 　[c]manage　　　[d]protect
　　 14.[a]with　　　 [b]without 　[c]for 　　　　[d]against
　　 15.[a]after all　[b]by chance [c]for example [d]in fact
　　 16.[a]regardless [b]because　 [c]in terms　　[d]in front
　　 17.[a]little 　　[b]more 　　 [c]many　　　　[d]much
　　 18.[a]firm 　　　[b]calm 　　 [c]safe　　　　[d]strong
　　 19.[a]instead　　[b]better 　 [c]similarly 　[d]further
　　 20.[a]then 　　　[b]otherwise [c]likewise　　[d]even
　　
　　III. Reading comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each)
　　從下列每篇短文的問題后所給的四個選擇項中選出一個最佳答案，并在答題紙上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。

　　Passage One
　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

　　The problem of leisure is new. Until very recent times people worked each day to the limit of their strength. Of course there were always a privileged (有特權(quán)的)few who had leisure; but most men had to work 12, 14, or even 16 hours a day, six days a week. As late as 1840 the average factory worker labored 72 hours a week. "Sunup to sundown" was the farmer's day, or as another phrase puts it, "from can to can't."

　　Today, working less than a 40-hour week, people enjoy more leisure time. Hence, the wise use of leisure time has become an important problem for everyone, young or old. It is a particularly difficult problem for the sick, the aged, and those who have retired from earning a living. Those people have so much leisure that it is hard for them to find interesting and worthwhile ways to use it .

　　However short the work week becomes, work is still the most important part of life. We do not work to get leisure and the pleasures leisure brings us; rather, we use leisure wisely so that work itself can become awarding and enjoyable. The feeling of success at doing one's daily work-whether it is a job, maintaining a home, or going to school-depends largely on coming to it each day with fresh energy and active interest.

　　Leisure and recreation (消遺)go together, though they are not necessarily the same thing. "Recreation" has and obvious meaning. It is the kind of leisure activity that brings "re-creation" of strength and spirit. When one speaks of making good use of leisure, he means choosing recreational activities which contribute to health, growth, and spirit.

　　21. The phrase "from can to can't" in Paragraph 1 means ________.
　　 [a]from beginning to end
　　 [b]from birth to death
　　 [c]from morning to night
　　 [d]from time to time

　　22.How to spend leisure time wisely is not a particularly difficult problem for people _______.
　　 [a]who are very busy everyday
　　 [b]who are sick in bed
　　 [c]who are aged and in good health
　　 [d]who have retired from work

　　23.How does the author look at work and leisure?
　　 [a]We work hard so that we can enjoy more leisure.
　　 [b]We enjoy leisure so that we can come back to work with fresh energy.
　　 [c]Leisure can bring us a lot of pleasures that work can not.
　　 [d]The success of work has little to do with how we spend our leisure time.

　　24. What is the relationship between leisure and recreation, according to the author?
　　 [a]Leisure and recreation are closely related.
　　 [b]Leisure and recreation are identical.
　　 [c]Recreation covers all kinds of leisure activities.
　　 [d]Recreation does not belong to any leisure activity.

　　25. From the passage we know that __________.
　　 [a]leisure has been an old problem since ancient times
　　 [b]leisure can not be replaced as the most important part of life
　　 [c]our success in work is mostly determined by whether we use leisure wisely
　　 [d]good recreational activities contribute greatly to health, growth and spirit
　　
　　Passage Two

　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

　　Each nation has its own peculiar character which distinguishes it from others. But the peoples of the world have more points in common than points in which they differ. One type of person that is common in every country is the one who always tries to do as little as possible and to get as much as possible in return. His opposite, the man who is in the habit of doing more than is strictly necessary and who is ready to accept what is offered in return, is rare everywhere.

　　Both these types are usually unconscious of their character. The man who avoids effort is always talking about his "rights": he appears to think that society owes him a pleasant, easy life. The man who is always doing more than his share talks of "duties": he feels that the individual is in debt to society, and not society to the individual. As a result of their views, neither of these men thinks that he behaves at all strangely.

　　The man who tries to do as little as he can is always full of excuses: if he has neglected to do something, it was because he had a headache, or the weather was too hot -or too cold- or because he was prevented by bad luck. At first, other people, such as his friends and his employer, generously accept his stories; but soon they realize what kind of person he is .In the long run he deceives only himself. When his friends become cool towards him and he fails to make progress in his job, he is surprised and hurt. He blames everyone and everything except himself. He feels that society is failing in its duties towards him, and that he is being unjustly treated.

　　26.The central idea of Paragraph 1 is that __________.
　　 [a]each nation is peculiar enough to enable us to distinguish it from others
　　 [b]the peoples of the world are as alike as they are different
　　 [c]the peoples of the world have more similarities than differences
　　 [d]those who do more than is strictly necessary are common in every country

　　27. According to Paragraph 1, the man who does more than is required __________.
　　 [a]is ready to accept what the society offers him
　　 [b]expects nothing in return for his work
　　 [c]feels that he is under heavy debt
　　 [d]thinks this makes his life easy

　　28.Those who try to do as little as possible __________.
　　 [a]envy others' good luck
　　 [b]are good story-tellers
　　 [c]supply false reasons for their lack of responsibility
　　 [d]think that their opposites owe them a pleasant life

　　29. The phrase "in the long run"(Paragraph 3)is closest in meaning to "___________".
　　 [a]in practice
　　 [b]in the end
　　 [c]in effect
　　 [d]in no time

　　30.It can be inferred from the passage that people who cheat _________.
　　 [a]will be unjustly treated
　　 [b]will cheat only themselves eventually
　　 [c]will change their behavior
　　 [d]will get surprised by their own stories
　　
　　Passage Three

　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

　　The government may control prices when where is a problem such as rapidly increasing rents or a rise in the cost of living. When the government controls prices, there is no longer a normal relationship between the price of a product and the quantity consumers will buy. Government controls may help in an emergency (緊急情況)。However, some economists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period of time.

　　In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord (房主)can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics (批評者) say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent -controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.

　　Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about rent control, price control and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if "other things are equal.

　　Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, However, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.

　　31.Accirdubg to Paragraph 1, price control ____________.
　　 [a]does more harm than good
　　 [b]is good in every sense
　　 [c]is necessary but harmful in the long term
　　 [d]should be avoided

　　32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that ________.
　　 [a]thanks to rent control, it would be easier for many to find apartments
　　 [b]landlords may take back their apartments if the rent is too low
　　 [c]the tighter the rent control is, the less new apartments will be built
　　 [d]landlords will not invest in other businesses after price control is approved by the government

　　33.Which of the following do all economists agree on ?
　　 [a]controls can have negative effects over a long period of time.
　　 [b]The government must take measures to control rent increase.
　　 [c]The maximum rent system protects people who don't have their own houses.
　　 [d]Economic questions are difficult to deal with.

　　34.The attitude of the author to price control is ________.
　　 [a]subjective
　　 [b]objective
　　 [c]indifferent
　　 [d]supportive

　　35. The purpose of this passage is to ________.
　　 [A]argue
　　 [b]persuade
　　 [c]analyze
　　 [d]describe
　　
　　PART TWO

　　IV. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two words)

　　將下列漢語單詞不達意譯成英語并寫在答題紙上。每個詞的詞類和第一個字母已在答題紙上給出。首字母后的每條短線上只寫一個字母。

　　 36、廣場
　　 37、珍貴的
　　 38、口袋
　　 39、假裝
　　 40、各種各樣的
　　 41、挑戰(zhàn)
　　 42、完美的
　　 43、想象
　　 44、包含
　　 45、心臟
　　 46、直徑
　　 47、海灘
　　 48、誠實的
　　 49、堅持
　　 50、法官；裁判員
　　 51、最少的
　　 52、信息；口信
　　 53、省略
　　 54、律師
　　 55、操作
　　
　　V. Word Form (10 points, 1 point for each)
　　將括號中的各詞變?yōu)檫m當(dāng)形式填入空白。答案寫在答題紙上。

　　 56. Sometimes information in the long-term memory____________(be ) hard to remember.

　　 57. In the 1600's, travelers from Europe __________(bring) back diamonds from India.

　　 58. Insurance fundamentals can ______(understand) by those willing to study them.

　　 59. He wanted the letter ________(mail) at once.

　　 60. We become used to _________(see) blood on the news on television, or in full color in newspapers and magazines.

　　 61.As a generally __________(accept) medium of exchange, money rules out the need for the direct exchange of one item for another.

　　 62. Almost everyone spends a considerable amount of present moments ____________(worry) about the future.

　　 63. Out region _______(make) great advances over the past ten years.

　　 64. Well-organized material is __________(well) remembered than jumbled information.

　　 65. If we __________(not have) air, there would be no sound.
　　
　　VI. Translation from Chinese into English (15 points, 3points for each)
　　將下列各句譯成英語并將答案寫在答題紙上。

　　 66、對初學(xué)者來說， 用英語思維比說英語更難。

　　 67、據(jù)說有些吃鹿肉的原始人能跑得象鹿一樣飛快。

　　 68、要是昨天他早一點回到家，他的女兒就不會把他的手表拆了。

　　 69、要找到與你觀點相同的學(xué)生并不容易。

　　 70、在你的朋友中有多少人從來未犯過法呢？
　　
　　VII. Translation from English into Chinese (15 points)

　　將下列短文譯成漢語并將答案寫在答題紙上。

　　Many of the plants and animals from which our food comes can produce themselves quite well without our help. Fish, for example, live and breed according to their own life pattern. Human "producers" then come with nets and fishing poles to take the fish from the water.

　　In our specialized world, however, it is not always possible to let our food grow in its own way. A relatively small number of people are responsible for producing large quantities of food. In order to perform such a function effectively, it is necessary for them to raise cattle and grow crops in a fairly concentrated area.

　　Fishing, livestock(家畜)breeding, and fruit, vegetable, and grain growing are among the more commonly known food-production industries.

二○○○年上半年全國高等教育自學(xué)考試
英語（一）試卷參考答案
Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each)
1.C
2.B
3.A
4.D
5.C
6.B
7.B
8.C
9.C
10.C
Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each)
11.D
12.C
13.A
14.B
15.C
16.B
17.D
18.C
19.A
20.A
Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each)
21.C
22.A
23.B
24.A
25.D
26.C
27.A
28.C
29.B
30.B
31.C
32.C
33.D
34.B
35.C
Ⅳ.Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two words)
36.square
37.precious
38.pocket
39.pretend
40.various
41.challenge
42.perfect
43.imagine
44.contain
45.heart
46.diameter
47.beach
48.honest
49.insist
50.judge
51.least
52.message
53.omit
54.lawyer
55.operate
Ⅴ.Word Form (10 points, 1 point for each)
[參考答案]
56.is
57.brought
58.be understood
59.to be mailed
60.seeing
61.accepted
62.worrying
63.has made
64.better
65.did not have
Ⅵ.Translation from Chinese into English(15 points, 3 point for each)
[參考答案]
66.It is more difficult for beginners to think in English than to speak it.
67.It was said that some primitive people who ate deer could run as fast a deer.
68.His daughter would not have taken apart his watch if he had come home a little earlier yesterday.
69.It is not easy to find students who share your views.
70.How many of your friends have never broken the law?
Ⅶ.Translation from English into Chinese(15 points)
[參考答案]
作為我們食物來源的許多動物和植物，無需人的幫助也能自行繁殖。例如魚按照自己生活方式生長和繁殖，
所謂人類"生產(chǎn)者"只是
用漁網(wǎng)和漁桿將魚從水中捕撈上來而已。
但是在我們這個專業(yè)化了的世界里，我們不可能總讓食物以自己的方式自然增長。較少數(shù)量的人力要負責(zé)
生產(chǎn)大量的食物。為了有
成效地履行這一職責(zé)，他們有必要在相當(dāng)密集的地區(qū)飼養(yǎng)家畜和種植農(nóng)作物。
養(yǎng)魚，飼養(yǎng)家畜以及種植水果、蔬菜和糧食都是人們更普遍熟悉的食品生產(chǎn)業(yè)中的一部分   (環(huán)球網(wǎng)校獨家資料,如需轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處)