2013年自考英語（一）考前要點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)：第二單元（下）

　　Unit2(第4講―第6講)

　　be sure of的意思是“對……確信無疑”，例如：

　　─ Is he going to call us at 9：00? (他會(huì)在九點(diǎn)給我們打電話嗎?)

　　─ Yes， I am sure of it. (是的，我肯定。)

　　翻譯下面的句子，掌握sure的用法：

　　1) I am sure of his sincerity. (我確信他的誠意。)

　　2) You are sure of a warm welcome.(你肯定會(huì)受到熱烈的歡迎。)

　　3) I don't know for sure whether he will come or not.(我不很確切地知道他是否會(huì)來。)

　　4) Make sure that you turn off the light when you leave.(確保在你離開時(shí)把燈關(guān)掉。)

　　5) Be sure not to forget what your parents said to you.(千萬別忘了父母對你說的話。)

　　2. Americans don't have a corner on the “death” market， but many people feel that the United States leads the world with the worst taxes.

　　have a corner的意思是“壟斷”，例如：have a corner on the cotton market (壟斷棉花市場);have a corner on the black vote(壟斷黑人選票)。有時(shí)也會(huì)見到以in 代替on的用法：have a corner in banking

　　lead在句中的意思是“走在…前列”，“在……領(lǐng)先”，“勝過”。

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) He leads his class in English.(他在班上英語學(xué)的最好。)

　　2) He led the broad jump with a leap of 26 feet.(他以26 英尺的成績在跳遠(yuǎn)中領(lǐng)先。)

　　3) Pollution still leads the list of major problems in that country.(污染仍然是那個(gè)國家的頭號(hào)嚴(yán)重問題。)

　　3. Taxes consist of money which people pay to support their government.

　　句中which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾the money.

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) This is the book that I just borrowed from the library.(這是我剛剛從圖書館借的書。)

　　2) He put the money that his mother gave him in a safe place.(他把媽媽給他的錢放在一個(gè)安全的地方。)

　　3) I don't remember where I put the CD that I bought yesterday. (我記不得把昨天買的CD放在哪兒了。)

　　consist of的意思是“由……構(gòu)成”，它與 make up of ， compose of 的區(qū)別在于：consist of不可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而make up of和 compose of 可以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：

　　1) The house consists of 6 rooms.

　　2) The medical team is made up of three doctors and a nurse.

　　3) The book is composed of 25 units.

　　4. Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government.

　　句中who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾 people.

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) The girl who helped me with my English is our monitor.(幫助我學(xué)外語的那個(gè)女孩是我們班長。)

　　2) The man who knocked at the door just now is my next-door neighbor.(剛才敲門的那個(gè)人是我的隔壁鄰居。)

　　3) The boy who was shot to death by his classmate was only 8.(被同學(xué)開槍打死的那個(gè)男孩才八歲。)

　　在單詞部分我們已經(jīng)對percentage和percent的區(qū)別有所了解，現(xiàn)在我們再來翻譯幾個(gè)句子：

　　1) 稅率從百分之十四到百分之七十不等。(The percentage of the tax varies from 14% to 70%.)

　　2) 學(xué)生的及格率達(dá)到了百分之九十五。(The percentage of students who passed the exam reached 95%.)

　　3) 工業(yè)產(chǎn)量上漲了百分之十四。(The industrial output increased by 14%.)

　　5. It depends on their salaries.

　　depend on在句中的意思是“視……而定”。除此以外，還可表示“依靠”：“信賴”等。

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 成功與否得看你的能力和努力。(Success depends on your ability and efforts.)

　　2) Whether we can go outing depends on tomorrow's weather. (我們能否去郊游取決于明天的天氣。)

　　3) The old man depends on the government pension for a living.(那位老人靠政府的養(yǎng)老金生活。)

　　4) 他總是依賴姐姐給他做作業(yè)。(He always depends on his sister to do his homework.)

　　5) He is not to be depended on.(他不可信賴。)

　　6. With the high cost of taxes， people are not very happy on April 15， when the federal taxes are due.

　　介詞with在句中的意思是“由于，因?yàn)椤?。例如：With their support， we fulfilled our task ahead of time.(由于他們的幫助，我們提前完成了任務(wù)。)

　　如果僅僅有月份，沒有具體的日期，月份前用介詞in ，如果有具體的日期則用介詞on ，例如：1) He was born in May.　2) He was born on May 23.

　　句中due的意思是“到期”，例如：The books are due， I have to return them to the library. (書到期了，我得去圖書館還書。)

　　請翻譯下面的句子，注意due在不同語境下的其他意思：

　　1) The train is due to arrive at 8：00.(火車定于八點(diǎn)鐘到達(dá)。)

　　2) The baby is due in the middle of October.(嬰兒的預(yù)產(chǎn)期為十月中旬。)

　　3) Due attention should be paid to this work.(應(yīng)該給這項(xiàng)工作以適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)注。)

　　4) Old people expect to be treated with the respect due to their age.(老人們期望受到他們這個(gè)年齡的人應(yīng)得的尊敬。)

　　5) His death was due to heart attack.(他的死是由心臟病引起的。)

　　7. Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government.

　　句中的that用來代替the加前述名詞tax，以免重復(fù)。

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 南京的天氣比青島的天氣熱。(The weather of Nanjing is hotter than that of Qingdao.)

　　2) 黃金的價(jià)格比白銀的價(jià)格要高。(The price of gold is higher than that of silver.)

　　8. Other states have a sales tax， which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state.

　　句中前一個(gè)which 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限定性定語從句，修飾sales tax.非限定性定語從句通常在句中起進(jìn)一步說明作用，既可修飾先行詞也可修飾整個(gè)句子。如果省去，原句意義不受影響。非限定性定語從句有逗號(hào)與主句隔開;關(guān)系代詞不可用that，而用who， whom， whose來修飾人，用which來修飾物，并且不能省略。

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) The sun warms the earth， which makes it possible for plants and animals to live.(太陽溫暖了大地，這才使動(dòng)植物有可能生長。)

　　2) He failed the exam， which made him very disappointed.(他考試沒及格，這使他非常失望。)

　　3) He has a son， who is doing his PH.D in the United States.(他有一個(gè)兒子，在美國讀博士學(xué)位。)

　　句中后一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)限定性定語從句，修飾any item.但是傳統(tǒng)語法中通常有這樣的規(guī)定：當(dāng)先行詞是all，everything，something，nothing等不定代詞，或被 first，only，few，much，some，any，no以及形容詞最高級(jí)等詞修飾時(shí)，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞that，不用which.例如：I am interested in all that you told me.

　　9. The cities use these funds for education， police and fire department， public works and municipal buildings.

　　work 用作單數(shù)時(shí)，通常指工作，例如：I have a lot of work to do this afternoon.

　　用作復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，works則指　1)著作：The Complete Works of Mao Zetong(《毛澤東全集》)　2)工程：public works(公共建筑工程，市政工程)

　　10. They say that it spends too much on useless and impractical programs.

　　spend too much (money) on sth的意思是“把太多的錢花在……”，例如：He would spend some money on books every month……(他每個(gè)月都花一些錢買書。)

　　我們常常會(huì)碰到的另一個(gè)詞組spend some time (in) doing sth.的意思是“花時(shí)間做某事”，例如：He spent a lot of time doing the experiment.(他花了很多時(shí)間做實(shí)驗(yàn)。)

　　在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，我們還要注意pay，cost和spend在用法上的區(qū)別。請注意下面的句子：

　　1) Tom paid 20 dollars for that T-shirt.

　　2) The T-shirt cost Tom 20 dollars.

　　3) Tom spent 20 dollars on that T-shirt.

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 我借給他的那本新字典花了我三十多塊錢。(The dictionary I lent him cost me more than 30 yuan.)

　　2) 把這輛自行車修一修要花很多錢嗎?(Does it cost much to get this bike repaired?)

　　3) 在過去的幾年中，這家工廠花了很多錢改善工作條件。(In the past few years， the factory has spent a lot of money improving the working conditions.)

　　4) 她不喜歡把錢花在華而不實(shí)的服裝上。(She doesn't like to spend money on fancy clothes.)

　　5) 買這部手機(jī)你花了多少錢?(How much money did you pay for this self-phone?)

　　6) 她花了一百多塊錢買那雙鞋。(She paid more than a hundred for that pair of shoes.)

　　本課主要詞組

　　1. be sure of 2. have a corner

　　3. consist of 4. vary from

　　5. depend on 6. a packet of

　　7. in addition to 8. complain about

　　9. in the wrong way 10. spend…on

　　11. tend to 12. agree on

　　本課主要句型

　　A. 賓語從句：

　　1) Americans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of.

　　2) …but many people feel that the United States lead the world with the worst taxes.

　　3) …they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes.

　　4) They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way.

　　5) They say that it spends too much on useless and practical programs.

　　B. 定語從句：

　　1) Taxes consist of money which people pay to support their government.

　　2) Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government.

　　3) Other states have a sales tax， which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state.

　　4) …people who own a home have to pay taxes on it…

　　5) …and excise tax， which is charged on cars in a city.

　　美國五十個(gè)州

　　A. The New England States (6)

　　1. Maine (緬因) 2. New Hampshire*(新罕布什爾)

　　3. Vermont(佛蒙特) 4. Massachusetts*(馬薩諸塞)

　　5. Connecticut*(康涅狄格) 6. Rhode Island*(羅得島)

　　B. The Middle Atlantic States (7)

　　7. New York*(紐約) 8. Pennsylvania*(賓夕法尼亞)

　　9. New Jersey*(新澤西) 10. Delaware*(特拉華)

　　11. Maryland* (馬里蘭) 12. Virginia*(弗吉尼亞)

　　13. West Virginia(西弗吉尼亞)

　　C. The Southern Atlantic States (11)

　　14. North Carolina* (北卡羅來納) 15. South Carolina*(南卡羅來納)

　　16. Georgia*(佐治亞) 17. Florida(佛羅里達(dá))

　　18. Alabama(亞拉巴馬) 19. Mississippi(密西西比)

　　20. Tennessee (田納西) 21. Louisiana(路易斯安那)

　　22. Arkansas(阿肯色) 23. Texas(得克薩斯)

　　24. Oklahoma(俄克拉何馬)

　　D. The Central States (13)

　　25. Wisconsin (威斯康星) 26. Illinois(伊利諾斯)

　　27. Kentucky(肯塔基) 28. Indiana(印第安那)

　　29. Ohio(俄亥俄) 30. Michigan(密執(zhí)安)

　　31. Minnesota(明尼蘇達(dá)) 32. Iowa(衣阿華)

　　33. Missouri(密蘇里) 34. North Dakota(北達(dá)科他)

　　35. South Dakota(南達(dá)科他) 36. Nebraska(內(nèi)布拉斯加)

　　37. Kansas(堪薩斯)

　　E. The Western States (13)

　　38. Washington(華盛頓) 39. Oregon(俄勒岡)

　　40. California(加利福尼亞) 41. Montana(蒙大拿)

　　42. Idaho(愛達(dá)荷) 43. Nevada(內(nèi)華達(dá))

　　44. Utah(猶他) 45. Arizona(亞歷桑那)

　　46. Wyoming(懷俄明) 47. Colorado(科羅拉多)

　　48. New Mexico(新墨西哥) 49. Alaska(阿拉斯加)

　　50. Hawaii(夏威夷)

　　(注：有*者曾為英國在北美的十三個(gè)殖民地，也是美國最早的十三個(gè)州。)

　　Text B Advertising

　　短語表達(dá)

　　1. attract attention　吸引注意

　　He talked loudly to attract attention.(他大聲說話以吸引注意。)

　　2. for the most part　在很大程度上，多半

　　These cars， for the most part， are made in China.(這些汽車多半產(chǎn)于中國。)

　　3. persuade sb. to do sth.　勸某人做某事

　　be persuaded to do sth.　被勸說做某事

　　The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking.(醫(yī)生勸我父親戒煙。)

　　The young man was persuaded to take up that job.(那個(gè)年輕人被勸說接受那份工作。)

　　4. a large amount of　一大筆

　　He borrowed a large amount of money from the bank.(他向銀行借了一大筆錢。)

　　5. put out　發(fā)布，公布;出版;廣播

　　The article was put out in a national magazine to reach a larger audience.(為了能影響更多的讀者，文章被登發(fā)在一份國家級(jí)雜志上。)

　　This newspaper is put out every day.(這份報(bào)紙每天出版。)

　　The weather forecast has just put out a storm.(天氣預(yù)報(bào)剛剛發(fā)出了暴風(fēng)警報(bào)。)

　　6. be characteristic of　為…所特有，是…的特征

　　Rainy days are characteristic of March.(多雨的日子為三月所特有。)

　　7. catch the eye　引人注目

　　The beautiful blue dress in the window caught her eye when she passed the store.(她經(jīng)過那家商店時(shí)，櫥窗里漂亮的蘭色連衣裙吸引了她。)

　　8. identify with　與一致;認(rèn)為…等同于;跟…發(fā)生共鳴，同情;(無意識(shí)地)仿效

　　His idea identifies with mine.(他的觀點(diǎn)和我的觀點(diǎn)相同。)

　　Never identify personal opinions with facts.(切莫把個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)與事實(shí)等同起來。)

　　All the money came from those who identified with him.(所有的錢都來自于那些同情他的人。)

　　Children usually identify themselves with their parents.(孩子往往會(huì)仿效自己的父母。)

　　9. carry over　繼續(xù)下去，遺留下來

　　The report was carried over to the next page.(報(bào)告轉(zhuǎn)入。)

　　His habit carries over from his childhood. (他的習(xí)慣從小保留至今。)

　　10. as well as　和，也

　　Women， as well as men， have the right to work.(婦女和男人一樣有工作的權(quán)利。)

　　11. over and over again　反復(fù)

　　He mentioned the incident over and over again， which really bored me to death.(他反復(fù)提及那件事，真把我煩死了。)

　　12. put up with　忍受

　　Both water pollution and air pollution are becoming more and more serious but we have to put up with them at the moment.(水污染和空氣污染都在變得越來越嚴(yán)重，但是我們暫時(shí)只好忍著。)

　　13. be responsible for　為…負(fù)責(zé)

　　It is not yet clear who should be responsible for the accident.(誰該對這起事故負(fù)責(zé)現(xiàn)在還不清楚。)

　　14. decide on　決定，選定

　　They decided on their plan of action after hours of discussion.(經(jīng)過數(shù)小時(shí)的討論，他們決定了行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。)

　　15. be involved in　參與，介入

　　He quitted his job as he no longer wanted to be involved in politics.(他不想再介入政治便辭去了工作。)

?2013年7月各省市自考成績查詢?nèi)肟趨R總

?各地10月自考時(shí)間

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