2014年自考英語(一)考前要點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí):第十四單元(2)
Text B Why We Walk in Circles
in 以什么樣的方式
“Pin the Tail on the Donkey” is always fun when you're watching rather than pinning.
本句翻譯:觀看別人做“去把尾巴給毛驢安上”的游戲,比自己親自去做更逗人。
pin (v.)用圖釘釘
rather than 而不是…
donkey 驢
as stubborn as donkey
It is somewhat surprising to see how the blindfolded performers act.
本句翻譯:看到了被蒙住眼睛的參加游戲表演的人所走的路線著實(shí)有點(diǎn)兒讓人吃驚。
somewhat 有一點(diǎn)兒
1. It is +(a.)+(for sb.)<有時(shí)可省略掉 to do
For example: It is difficult to have a good job if you don't study hard to create opportunities.如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí)創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)的話,有一份好的工作是很難的。
Instead of going straight, they always wander off to one side or the other. The greater the distance to the donkey, the farther they go astray.
本句翻譯:他們都不走直線,總是要由一邊偏離到另一邊。參加游戲比賽的人距離毛驢越遠(yuǎn),他們偏離目標(biāo)毛驢也越遠(yuǎn)。
2. instead of /instead
wander off 徘徊,游離
Have you ever wondered why they are unable to walk straight ahead?
本句翻譯:你有沒有想過為什么他們不能夠徑直向前行呢?
wonder 迷惑,疑惑
It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control his direction.
本句翻譯:一個(gè)人若不用眼睛來掌握走路的方向,就會(huì)走成一個(gè)大圈。這一事實(shí)是眾所周知的。
Dark nights, dense fogs, blinding snowstorms, thick forests - all these can keep a traveler from seeing where he is going.
本句翻譯:每遇到漆黑的夜晚,濃濃的大霧,伸手不見五指的暴風(fēng)雪,濃密森林――這一切都會(huì)使路上的行人看不見是在往哪個(gè)方向走。
thick forests 茂密的森林
3. keep … from … 阻止,防止,阻礙
protect from
prevent from
其中的“from”多有“使…不能”的意思
?。?)keep sb from sth/doing使某人不能做某事
(2)keep oneself from doing克制自己不要去做某事
For example: The church bells keep me from sleeping. 教堂的鐘聲吵得我睡不著覺。
She could hardly keep (herself) from laughing. 她忍不住大笑起來。
Then he is unable to move in any fixed direction, but walks in circles.
本句翻譯:這時(shí)他就不能按既定的目標(biāo)前進(jìn),只能走成一個(gè)大圓圈。
4. in…direction 朝…方向
Animals act the same way.
本句翻譯:動(dòng)物也會(huì)這樣。
fixed固定的,既定了的
You have probably heard the saying “running around like a chicken with its head cut off.”
本句翻譯:你也許聽過這樣一句老話:“像砍掉腦袋的雞一樣轉(zhuǎn)著圈跑。”
with +(n.)+V的過去分詞構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作狀語。
Well, a chicken with its head cut off actually does run around in circles. Blind birds fly in circles. And a blindfolded dog will swim in circles.
本句翻譯:是的,一只被砍掉了腦袋的雞確實(shí)會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)著圈跑的。瞎了眼睛的鳥也都是轉(zhuǎn)著圈飛的。一雙被蒙住了眼睛的狗也會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)著大圈游泳。
A Norwegian biologist, F.O.Guldberg, decided that this problem of circular movement was worth investigating. He collected many true stories on the subject.
本句翻譯:一位挪威的生物學(xué)家哥爾柏格認(rèn)為繞圈運(yùn)動(dòng)的問題確實(shí)值得調(diào)查研究。關(guān)于這一課題他匯集了很多實(shí)際事例。
worth 值得
be worth doing 值得做某事
For example: The textbook is worth reading again and again. 課本值得一讀再讀。
On the subject :on關(guān)于
5. be worth + v.ing
One of his stories is about people rowing on a lake during a fog on a dark night.
本句翻譯:他匯集的實(shí)例之一就是在一個(gè)濃霧黑夜里,人們在湖面上劃船。
during 在一段時(shí)間里
One group of rowers who tried to cross three miles of water in foggy weather never succeeded in reaching their goal.
本句翻譯:在大霧的天氣里,一幫想要橫渡三英里的水面的劃船手永遠(yuǎn)也不能成功地劃到他們的目的地。
cross 橫穿
6. succeed in 成功做了一件事情→(反義)fail to do
Without knowing it, they rowed in two large circles. When they finally got to the shore, they discovered that they were at the spot they had started from.
本句翻譯:不知不覺地,他們都把船劃行路線劃成兩個(gè)大圈。在他們上個(gè)岸后,才發(fā)現(xiàn)又劃回到了他們原來出發(fā)的地點(diǎn)。
without knowing 不知不覺地
shore 河岸,海岸線
After studying many stories such as this, Professor Guldberg wrote an article in which he discussed “Circular Motion is the Basic Motion of Animals.”
本句翻譯:在研究過很多諸如此類的實(shí)際經(jīng)歷之后,哥爾柏格教授寫了一篇題為《動(dòng)物的基本運(yùn)動(dòng)模式是圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)》的論文。
study 研究
A simple example will help you to understand his explanation of why we walk in circles.
本句翻譯:一個(gè)很簡單的例子,就可以幫助你弄明白他的論點(diǎn):為什么我們會(huì)走成兩個(gè)大圓圈。
Have you ever wound up a toy automobile and started it off across the floor?
本句翻譯:你有沒有把一輛玩具汽車上好發(fā)條以后,把它放到地板上讓它從頭跑到那頭的經(jīng)歷?
7. wind up給…上發(fā)條
Then you know that it will rarely travel in a straight path. It will travel, instead, in some kind of arc, or curve.
本句翻譯:那么,你就會(huì)知道小汽車幾乎很少順著直線跑,而是以弧線或者曲線的方式前行。
If it is to travel in a straight line, the wheels on both sides have to be of exactly equal size.
本句翻譯:如果你想要這輛小汽車以直線的方式前行的話,那么小汽車兩側(cè)的輪子就必須是同等大小。
equal 相等
If they are not, the little automobile turns toward the side with the smaller wheels.
本句翻譯:車兩側(cè)的輪子,如果它們大小不是相等的話那么這個(gè)小汽車將會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向輪子更小的那一側(cè)。
Circular movement in walking is caused in much the same way.
本句翻譯:步行時(shí)繞大圓運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)律在很大程度上是由同一原理引起的。
cause 導(dǎo)致
in … way 以什么樣的方式
7. much the same 不完全相同,差不多一樣,幾乎一樣
For example: He is living condition is much the same as that five years ago.他現(xiàn)在生活狀況和五年前差不多沒有什么變化。
Usually a man walking will “watch his step” and “l(fā)ook where he is going.”
本句翻譯:通常一個(gè)人走路時(shí)會(huì)看著腳下所踩的步子,會(huì)看著所要去的方向。
watch his step (口語化的說法)注意腳下
look where he is going 看著前方
a man walking
?。?)通常情況下,單個(gè)的分詞作定語的在名詞的前面;分詞短語放在被修飾的名詞之后。
For example: He often helps his working wife at home. 他在家中經(jīng)常幫助他工作的妻子。
Who is the lady standing by the door? 站在門口的那位女士是誰?
(2)有時(shí),單個(gè)的分詞放在名詞后作定語,具有較強(qiáng)的動(dòng)詞意義,其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)從句。
For example: Atomic energy is the greatest source of energy existing. 原子能是現(xiàn)存的最大的能源。
They decided to change the material used. 他們決定改變所用的材料。
He needs his senses, especially his eyes, to get to the point he intends to reach.
本句翻譯:一個(gè)人需要用他們的各種器官,特別是要用兩只眼睛,才能走到他打算要去的地點(diǎn)。
8. intend to do 想要/打算/計(jì)劃做某事
For example: What do you intend to do today? I intend to go out for a walk. 你打算今天做什么?我今天打算出去散步。
When he cannot use his eyes to guide his steps, he will walk straight only if he takes a step of the same length with each foot.
本句翻譯:只有當(dāng)一個(gè)人的兩只腳所邁出的每一步的長短都完全相同時(shí),這個(gè)人才可以不用眼睛來引導(dǎo)腳步而能夠順著一條直線往前走。
In most people, however, muscle development is not the same in both legs, so that it is probable that the steps will be uneven.
本句翻譯:但是,在絕大多數(shù)人左右兩腿肌肉的發(fā)育并不是一樣的,結(jié)果很可能左右兩腳所邁的步子長短是不一致的。
so that 因此…引導(dǎo)是結(jié)果狀語從句
The difference may be so small that no one is aware of it. But small as it is, it can cause circular movement.
本句翻譯:邁步子長短的差距是非常小的,以致于沒有人會(huì)意識到這一微小的差距。盡管這個(gè)差距很小,但結(jié)果卻導(dǎo)致了圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)。
9. as / as though
small as it is “是as/as though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,此時(shí)從句應(yīng)倒裝(部分倒裝),其結(jié)構(gòu)為”形容詞/名詞/動(dòng)詞)+as (though)+主+謂
?。╝.)(n.)(v.)+as/as though + s + v
For example: Pretty as she is, she is not clever.她雖然很漂亮但是不聰明。
Child as he is, he has to make a living.雖然他是一個(gè)孩子,但是他必須去謀生。
Try as he would, he might fail again.盡管還有可能再試著去做,但是他還是有可能失敗。
注:若從句的表語是n.,其名詞前不加任何冠詞。
Let us suppose that a man's left foot takes a step 20 inches long and that his right foot takes a step 30 inches long.
本句翻譯:我們假定某一人的左腳邁一步是20英寸長,右腳邁一步是30英寸長。
Now suppose he takes ten step - five with his left foot and five with his right.
本句翻譯:現(xiàn)在假設(shè)這個(gè)人邁了十步――左腳邁五步,右腳也邁五步。
His left foot will travel 100 inches. His right foot will travel 150 inches.
本句翻譯:他的左腳總共走了100英寸,他的右腳總共走了150英寸。
travel 運(yùn)行,前行
This sounds impossible. One foot cannot remain 50 inches behind the other.
本句翻譯:這聽起來讓人覺得不可能。因?yàn)橐恢荒_不可能落后于另一只腳五十英寸。
What really happens?
本句翻譯:到底是怎么回事呢?
At each step the man turns a little bit to the left.
本句翻譯:每邁一步這個(gè)人就稍微向左轉(zhuǎn)了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。
Sooner or later he makes a complete circle.
本句翻譯:遲早,他會(huì)走成一個(gè)大圓圈。
The tracks of his feet, however, make two circles, one inside the other.
本句翻譯:于是他的兩只腳所走過軌跡就形成了兩個(gè)圓圈,一個(gè)圓圈在另一的內(nèi)部。
track 足跡,腳印
His left foot makes the smaller circle because it is taking larger steps.
本句翻譯:他的左腳所走的圈比較小,因?yàn)橛夷_的每一步都大一點(diǎn)。
This is why a person may walk in an arc when he sets out in a straight line.
本句翻譯:這就是一個(gè)人在出發(fā)時(shí)本來是想走的直線,結(jié)果卻走成了一條弧線的原因。
The muscles of a man's arms are no more identical than the muscles of his legs.
本句翻譯:一個(gè)人的兩只胳膊肌肉的發(fā)育和他的兩只腿的肌肉的發(fā)育也是不同的。
10. no more(…)than…僅僅;不過/和…一樣都不
For example: He is no more than an employee. 他僅僅是一名員工。
He is no more able to operate computer than I am. 他和我一樣都不會(huì)用計(jì)算機(jī)。
This explains why the rowers who set out to cross the lake at night rowed in a circle.
本句翻譯:這足可以說明這些在夜間出發(fā)去橫渡湖面的劃船手把船劃行的路線劃成了一個(gè)大圓圈的道理。
By the same rule, a bird's wings do not develop evenly, and so it will fly in circles when blinded.
本句翻譯:同理,鳥的左右兩個(gè)翅膀的發(fā)育也是不均衡的,所以如果它的眼睛瞎了以后,也會(huì)繞圓圈飛行。
by the same rule 同理
Thus, dear readers, our circular mystery has a very straight answer.
本句翻譯:由此可見,親愛的讀者,這就是我們的圓圈運(yùn)動(dòng)之迷的最直截了當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢浮?/P>
circular 圓圈的
straight 直線的;直接的
On one hand, from the word itself, we can see that one is “circular”, the other is “straight”, the two words are in contrast with each other; on the other hand, the circular mystery has been thought for a long time and tested again and again; however, the answer is absolutely certain. So, both of the two words are used in double senses, creating a special effect.
本段翻譯:這是從字面意思來看一個(gè)是圓的,一個(gè)是直的,他們之間是相對的兩個(gè)詞,另外一個(gè)方面說有關(guān)圓圈之謎,被大家思考了很久的時(shí)間了,一次又一次地進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),而最終得到的答案卻是一目了然的事情,這樣一來,兩個(gè)單詞被在一起使用一語雙關(guān),產(chǎn)生了一種獨(dú)特的效果。
Vocabulary Exercises
Ⅰ。Supply a word that you have learned in Text B. The first letter is given.
1. The full moon has a (circular) form.
本句翻譯:全月它有一個(gè)圓的外形。
2. If there were no friction, an object in (motion) would never come to a rest.
本句翻譯:如果沒有摩擦力,那么一個(gè)在運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)停下來。
come to a rest 停下來
3. The road is not straight. You should drive slowly when you come to a (curve)。
本句翻譯:這條路不太直。當(dāng)你到路的轉(zhuǎn)彎處時(shí)一定開的慢一點(diǎn)。
curve 彎曲,轉(zhuǎn)彎處
4. The economic development in the country is (uneven): some areas are highly developed; while some other areas are rather underdeveloped.
本句翻譯:這個(gè)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不均衡:有一些地區(qū)是高度發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū);而其它一些地區(qū)是相當(dāng)落后。
5. The fingerprints of no two persons are (identical)。
本句翻譯:任意兩個(gè)人的指紋都是不同的。
identical 同樣的,一樣的
6. When the tree fell in the snowstorm, it (pined) him to the ground.
本句翻譯:當(dāng)這棵大樹在暴風(fēng)雨中倒下來時(shí),它把這個(gè)男士壓在了地面上。
7. It is(well-known)that money serves a variety of functions.
本句翻譯:眾所周知,錢有很多種功能。
8. The engineers are thoroughly (investigating) the causes of the gas explosion.
本句翻譯:工程師們正在徹底調(diào)查有關(guān)煤氣爆炸的原因。
9. The flower show was (intended) primarily for commercial purpose.
本句翻譯:這次花展首先是為了商業(yè)上的目的才運(yùn)行的。
10. I've made a mistake, though I didn’t (intend) to.
本句翻譯:雖然我不愿意犯錯(cuò)誤,但是我還是犯了錯(cuò)誤。
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