2014年自考英語一課堂筆記之unit4(4)

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　　11. Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered.

　　striking在句子中做形容詞用，意思是“顯著的，引人注目的”，請看例句：

　　1) They made a striking commercial success within 5 years.(在5年的時間里，他們在商業(yè)上取得了驚人的成功。)

　　2) Helen's facial features bore a striking resemblance to her mother's.(海倫的面部特征與她的母親十分相像。)

　　3) I am not sure whether he can make it this time. I just feel he has a striking lack of confidence.(我不能確定他這次能否成功，其只是覺得他明顯信心不足。)

　　to be remembered不定式的被動形式做定語，修飾the items.請看例句：

　　1) There are a lot of things to be done.(有很多事要做。)

　　2) Are you going to the press conference to be held this weekend?(你準備參加本周末舉行的記者招待會嗎?)

　　3) This was the first project to be designed John's brother. (這是約翰的哥哥設計的第一個工程。)

　　12. In one study， subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery， while the second group used repetition to learn the words.

　　subject在本句中做名詞用，意思是“受試者，實驗對象”。Subject這個詞的詞義很多，請看例句，注意subject的詞義：

　　1) The subject of today's discussion is “Population and Education”。(今天討論的題目是“人口與教育”。)

　　2) The teacher explained in details the subject of the story to the whole class.(老師把故事的主題詳細講給全班同學聽。)

　　3) How many subjects are you taking this semester?(這學期你選幾門課?)

　　4) He became the subject for ridicule.(他成了人們取笑的對象。)

　　5) Rabbits and mice are often subjects for medical experiments.(兔和鼠常被用作醫(yī)學實驗的對象。)

　　6) He is a Chinese subject.(他是中國國民。)

　　7) This sentence doesn't have a subject.(這個句子沒有主語。)

　　subject還常常做動詞或形容詞用，請看例句：

　　1) The country was once subjected to foreign rule.(這個國家曾一度受外國統(tǒng)治。)

　　2) Taipei was subjected to serious earthquakes last year.(臺北去年遭受了嚴重的地震災害。)

　　3) We are all subject to the laws of nature.(我們都要受自然規(guī)律的支配。)

　　4) The child is very subject to coughs.(這孩子動不動就咳嗽。)

　　5) All men are subject to death.(人總有一死。)

　　while 在句子中做連詞用，意思是“而，然而”。while也是一個多義詞，請注意下面例句中while 的意思：

　　1) Strike while the iron is hot.(趁熱打鐵。)

　　2) He listened to the radio while he was doing his homework.(他一邊聽收音機，一邊做作業(yè)。)

　　3) He is talkative while his twin brother is of few words.(他很健談，而他的孿生兄弟則少言寡語。)

　　4) While the old man is respected， he is not well liked.(這個老人很受尊敬，但不太受喜歡。)

　　5) You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart.(只要你不失去信心，你遲早會成功。)

　　using imagery分詞做狀語，表示方式，請看例句：

　　1) They stood there waiting for the bus.

　　2) She had to work standing up.

　　13. Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.

　　劃線部分是該句的主要成分，forming an integrated image動名詞短語做主語，can help做謂語，us to preserve a memory做復合賓語。

　　斜體部分是一個“with + 名詞 + 過去分詞”的獨立結構，做方式狀語，修飾動名詞短語forming an integrated image.

　　不定式與名詞或代詞構成復合結構，做動詞賓語的現(xiàn)象在英語中很常見，在前幾講中我們也遇到過。再請看幾個例句：

　　1) Would you like Tom to go with you?(你愿意湯姆和你一起去嗎?)

　　2) He wants you to see him in the afternoon.(他想讓你下午去見他。)

　　3) Father encouraged him to study harder.(父親鼓勵他更加努力學習。)

　　4) I will get someone to help you.(我去找個人來幫你。)

　　“with + 名詞 + 過去分詞”的獨立結構在英語中也很常見，請看例句：

　　1) With the problem solved， the plan is going on smoothly.(隨著這個問題的解決，計劃正順利進行。)

　　2) Standing there is a torture to her， with so many eyes fixed on her.(這么多人注視著她，于她而言，站在那兒是一種折磨。)

　　本課主要詞組及句型

　　詞組：

　　1. focus on 2. a number of

　　3. at all levels 4. make sense

　　5. make a difference 6. in random order

　　7. consist of 8. group into

　　9. as follows 10. needless to say

　　11. refer to 12. relate…to

　　13. associate with 14. compare with

　　句型：

　　A.定語從句

　　1) Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.

　　2) Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember

　　3) There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful.

　　4) Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.

　　5) Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately.

　　B. 動名詞做主語

　　1) Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.

　　2) Categorizing is another means of organization.

　　3) Forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.

　　Text B Short-term Memory

　　短語表達

　　1. at a later time

　　Go ahead with your work， I will give you a call at a later time.

　　I am not sure if I can remember all this at a later time.

　　2. in contrast (with / to)

　　Helen is very talkative. In contrast， her elder sister is silent.

　　His rudeness was in striking contrast with Jack's thoughtfulness.

　　3. look up

　　I don't remember Tom's telephone number， will you please look it up in the telephone book for me?

　　Look up the dictionary for the meaning of this new word.

　　4. be unable to

　　I am really sorry that I was unable to give you a call beforehand.

　　He was unable to provide us with more information.

　　5. be released from

　　He was released from prison after he had been kept there for 5 years.

　　He was released from a hospital last week after treatment for a disease.

　　6. be rewarded with

　　The winner was rewarded with gift of fruit and flowers.

　　If the rat could find the right door， it would be rewarded with food.

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