2014年自考英語(yǔ)一課堂筆記之unit6(2)

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　　16.crush v. 壓碎;鎮(zhèn)壓，壓倒

　　The machine can crush rocks into powder.〔那臺(tái)機(jī)器能把石頭碾成粉末。〕

　　You must remember poverty should not crush one's spirit.〔你必須記住不應(yīng)該因貧困而意志消沉?！?/P>

　　We didn't expect that they would crush us into this tiny room.〔我們沒(méi)有料到他們會(huì)讓我們擠在這個(gè)小房間里?！?/P>

　　Can you imagine that debts are crushing them?〔你能想像到債務(wù)正壓得他們喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)嗎?〕

　　17. destroy v. 破壞，毀滅;消滅

　　Several buildings were destroyed by the bomb.〔幾座建筑物都被炸彈炸毀了?！?/P>

　　He destroyed the letter as soon as he had read it.〔他一讀完就把信毀了?！?/P>

　　I really don't want to destroy the friendship between us.〔我真不想毀壞我們之間的友誼?！?/P>

　　The loss of his wife and son finally destroyed him.〔失去妻兒最終擊敗了他?！?/P>

　　This poison can destroy rats.〔這種毒藥可滅鼠?！?/P>

　　18. impressive adj.給人深刻印象的，感人的

　　impression n. 印象

　　impress v. 給…極深的印象

　　She is trying to build an impressive international reputation.〔她正努力建立令人難忘的國(guó)際聲譽(yù)?！?/P>

　　She said that all the places she had visited in China were impressive.〔她說(shuō)她所游覽過(guò)的中國(guó)的每一個(gè)地方都給她留下了深刻的印象。〕

　　What are your impressions of Beijing?〔你對(duì)北京有何觀感?〕

　　I had the impression that he was a teacher.〔我記得他好像是個(gè)老師?！?/P>

　　What impressed me most were the great changes in this city.〔給我印象最深的是這座城市的巨大變化?！?/P>

　　She wants to impress her new boss with her diligence.(她想以勤奮加深老板對(duì)她的印象。)

　　19. experience n 經(jīng)驗(yàn);經(jīng)歷　　　　v. 經(jīng)歷，遭受

　　experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的

　　With no teaching experience my chances of getting the job are slight.〔我沒(méi)有教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，得到這份工作的可能性很小?！?/P>

　　He is a man of rich experience.〔他是一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的人。〕

　　Everyone can learn a lot from his own experience.〔每一個(gè)人都從自己的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到很多東西?！?/P>

　　His experience in the country could be used as material for his writing.〔他在農(nóng)村的經(jīng)歷可以作為他的寫(xiě)作素材?！?/P>

　　He experienced a lot of hardships when he was abroad.〔他在國(guó)外時(shí)經(jīng)歷了許多艱辛?！?/P>

　　We need someone more experienced to help us.〔我們需要更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人來(lái)幫助我們?！?/P>

　　He is more experienced than I am in planting trees.〔在植樹(shù)方面他比我有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。〕

　　20. immediately adv. 即刻地;緊密地

　　immediate adj. 立刻的;最接近的

　　He said he had to go to the hospital immediately.〔他說(shuō)他得立即去醫(yī)院?！?/P>

　　She finished one cup of coffee and asked for another immediately.〔她喝完一杯咖啡馬上又要了一杯。〕

　　The post office is immediately next to the bank.〔郵局緊挨著銀行。〕

　　You have to give them an immediate reply.〔你得立刻答復(fù)他們?！?/P>

　　It is necessary that you get the support from your immediate superior.〔你必須得到頂頭上司的支持?！?/P>

　　本課主要構(gòu)詞法

　　affixation(詞綴法)

　　1.形容詞后綴 -ful　　　　beautiful，useful，

　　2.形容詞后綴 -ive　　　　impressive

　　3.形容詞后綴 -y　　　 　greasy

　　4.名詞后綴 -ation　　　　combination，formation

　　5.名詞后綴 -ure　　 　　pressure

　　6.名詞后綴 -y　　　 　discovery

　　7.名詞后綴 -er　　　 　traveler，miner

　　8.名詞后綴 -ful　　　 　handful

　　9.副詞后綴 -ly　　　 　finally，probably，immediately，carefully，

　　10.副詞后綴 -ward　　 　upward

　　課文簡(jiǎn)介

　　本課主要介紹了鉆石的特性、形成、分布以及開(kāi)采方式。讀了本課，你會(huì)了解鉆石的形成與數(shù)百萬(wàn)年前的地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān);你也會(huì)了解深受上至達(dá)官貴人下至普通百姓喜愛(ài)的“恒久遠(yuǎn)”的鉆石在剛開(kāi)采出來(lái)時(shí)并不光彩照人。

　　本課語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

　　1. They are the hardest substance found in nature.

　　本句中found in nature是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾substance.定語(yǔ)從句中省略了that are.這種省略現(xiàn)象在定語(yǔ)從句中很常見(jiàn)，在前幾個(gè)單元中，我們遇到過(guò)多次。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：

　　1) There are many books (that) I'd like to read. (有很多書(shū)我想看。)

　　2) He is a man (that) we all like and trust. (他是一個(gè)我們大家喜歡和信賴(lài)的人。)

　　3) This is the most interesting film (that) I have ever seen. (這是我看過(guò)的最有意思的電影)

　　先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句必須用that引導(dǎo)，而不用which.請(qǐng)看下面的句子：

　　1) This is the most beautiful place (that) I have ever visited. (這是我游覽過(guò)的最美麗的地方。)

　　2) This is the most serious problem (that) we have ever met. (這是我們遇到過(guò)的最嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。)

　　3) They are the richest people (that are) living in this area. (他們是住在這一地區(qū)的最富有的人。)

　　本句中的hardest意思為“堅(jiān)硬的”“堅(jiān)固的”，而不是“困難的”。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：

　　1) This nut is as hard as rock. (這果子硬得像巖石。)

　　2) He found it hard to make friends. (他覺(jué)得交朋友很困難。)

　　2. That means a diamond can cut any other surface. And only another diamond can make a slight cut in a diamond.

　　mean是一個(gè)很常見(jiàn)的詞，本句中的意思是“意味著”。mean還有“意欲，企圖，打算”的意思。請(qǐng)看下面的句子，注意mean在各句中的意思和用法：

　　1) What do you mean by saying this to me? (你對(duì)我說(shuō)這個(gè)是什么意思?)

　　2) Friendship means everything to him. (友誼對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)意味著一切。)

　　3) The teacher's praise meant so much to the children. (老師的表?yè)P(yáng)對(duì)孩子們來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。)

　　4) I'm serious about this. I mean what I say. (我對(duì)此事是認(rèn)真的，我說(shuō)話算數(shù)。)

　　5) I'm sorry， I didn't mean to hurt you. (對(duì)不起，我無(wú)意傷害你。)

　　6) They meant to finish the work ahead of time. (他們的打算是提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。)

　　7) I meant to call you but I forgot. (我原打算給你打電話的，但我忘記了。)

　　cut在前一個(gè)句子中做動(dòng)詞用，意思是“切割”，在后一個(gè)句子中做名詞用，意思是“切面”。

　　1) Who will cut the ribbon for the exhibition? (誰(shuí)將為展覽會(huì)剪彩?)

　　2) I am going to have my hair cut today. (今天我要去理發(fā)。)

　　3) The icy wind cut him to the bone. (他感到寒風(fēng)刺骨。)

　　4) The old man is cutting a figure in stone. (那位老人正在雕刻石像。)

　　5) I had some cuts and bruises on my arms， but I'm ok. (我的臂上有些傷口和擦傷，但我沒(méi)什么問(wèn)題。)

　　6) He made a smooth cut on the marble. (他在大理石上留下一個(gè)光滑的切面。)

　　3. Diamonds are made from carbon.

　　由……制成，可以用be made from和be made of兩個(gè)詞組來(lái)表達(dá)。但是be made from通常指制成品已看不出原材料是什么，而be made of可以看出該物品由什么材料制成的。如：

　　1) Paper is made from some plants. (紙是由某些植物制成的。)

　　2) This beer is made from grain. (這種啤酒是用糧食釀制的。)

　　3) The houses were made of brick. (這些房屋是磚造的。)

　　4) This toy is made of cotton. (這個(gè)玩具是布做的。)

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