2014年自考英語一課堂筆記之unit7(4)

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　　上述某些句子可以用wh-ever表述如下：

　　1) Whatever happens， please let me know.

　　2) Whoever telephones， tell him I'm out.

　　3) However hard I tried， I couldn't succeed.

　　4) Wherever you go， I will follow you.

　　5) Whichever book you like， you can have it.

　　7. It is that feeling of belonging， of love and security that comes from living together， helping and sharing.

　　本句中的it代指課文前一句中的a sense of what a family is. feeling of belonging 意思為“歸屬感”。

　　security 是一個(gè)名詞，意思是“安全”。

　　that comes from living together， helping and sharing 是定語從句，修飾that feeling of belonging， of love and security.

　　8. However， with the change from an agricultural to an industrial society， many nuclear families moved away from the family home in order to find work.

　　本句中的however是一個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折意味的副詞，有承接上文的作用，可以使這個(gè)句子和前面的句子連接得更緊密，有些接近連詞。請(qǐng)看例句：

　　1) This， however， is not your fault. (但這不是你的錯(cuò)。)

　　2) I'd like to go with you， however， my hands are full. (我很想和你一起去，可是我忙不過來。)

　　句中的with是一個(gè)介詞，意思是“隨著”，請(qǐng)看例句：

　　1)With the change of the economic foundation， the superstructure has to be transformed too.(隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的改變，上層建筑也必須改造。)

　　2)With the development of science and technology， the society is changing rapidly.(隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，社會(huì)在迅速地改變。)

　　with是一個(gè)十分常用的介詞，請(qǐng)看下面的句子，注意with的用法和詞意：

　　1)Who will go with you? (誰和你一起去?)

　　2)The teacher is very strict with us. (老師對(duì)我們很嚴(yán)格。)

　　3)At the news we all jumped with joy. (聽了這個(gè)消息，我們都高興得跳了起來。With表示原因。)

　　4)He wanted to kill two birds with one stone. (他想一舉兩得。With意為“用，以”，譯法可靈活。)

　　5)China is a country with a large population. (中國是一個(gè)有眾多人口的國家。With表示“有，帶有”)

　　6)He finished this work with great difficulty. (他好不容易才完成了這項(xiàng)工作。With引起短語作方式狀語。)

　　7)He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded.

　　(他雙手交叉在胸前坐在椅子上。With引導(dǎo)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：with+名詞+過去分詞，做方式狀語。)

　　8)What's wrong with you? (你怎么了?with意為“就…來說”)

　　9)With your knowledge and experience， you are sure to find a good job. (以(憑)你的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，你肯定會(huì)找到一份好工作。)

　　10)With all his shortcomings， he was a nice person. (盡管他有缺點(diǎn)，他還是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的人。)

　　句子中的in order to find work做目的狀語，除了用in order to 以外，還可以用so as to，也可以把in order，so as省去，只用不定式。請(qǐng)看例句：

　　1)He decided to study harder (so as ) to catch up with the others. (他決定加緊學(xué)習(xí)好趕上別人。)

　　2)He ran out in a hurry (in order) to catch the last bus. (為了趕上末班車，他匆匆向外跑去。)

　　9. Therefore we can say that the nuclear family becomes more important than the extended family as the society industrializes.

　　句子中的therefore是一個(gè)副詞，通常用來表示后面將要表述的內(nèi)容是前面已經(jīng)表述的內(nèi)容的結(jié)果，也可以用來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)結(jié)論。類似的表達(dá)還有：so，consequently，as a result 等等。請(qǐng)看例句：

　　1)It rained， therefore the football match was put off. (天下雨，所以足球比賽延期了。)

　　2)He is too careless， as a result he failed the exam. (他太粗心，所以考試沒及格。)

　　3)He was ill for about a month， consequently he lagged behind his classmates.(他病了一個(gè)月，因此落在了同學(xué)后面。)

　　as the society industrializes隨著社會(huì)的工業(yè)化。as是一個(gè)連詞，表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)”。請(qǐng)看例句：

　　1)As time goes on， you'll like this place better. (隨著時(shí)間的推移，你會(huì)更喜歡這個(gè)地方。)

　　2)As he talked on he got more and more excited. (他談著的時(shí)候，越來越興奮。)

　　本課中還有：

　　1)The nuclear family is becoming smaller as parents want fewer children.

　　2)As social scientists study these two new family forms， they will be able to tell us more about the future of the nuclear family in the post-industrial age.

　　10. social scientists now talk of two new family forms…

　　本句中的talk是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，在表達(dá)“談?wù)撃橙?某事)”時(shí)，talk后面應(yīng)該用介詞of或者about.請(qǐng)看例句：

　　1)What are you talking about? (你們在談什么?)

　　2)They are talking of visiting Mr. Zhang. (他們正談?wù)撊タ磸埾壬氖隆?

　　3) What do you mean when you talk about culture? (你談?wù)撐幕瘯r(shí)指的是什么?)

　　Text B The Changing American Family

　　短語表達(dá)

　　1. all over

　　We have friends all over the world.

　　I have been looking all over for him.

　　2. provide for

　　Father had to work very hard to provide food and clothes for the family.

　　They are trying to provide some guidance for the newcomers.

　　3. be expected to

　　Parents are expected to provide for their children.

　　You are expected to be here before eight.

　　4. take care of

　　The nurse took care of the old lady when her daughter was away.

　　The cat and the dog were taken good care of.

　　5. on the other hand

　　I don't think this proposal is workable. On one hand we don't have so much money， on the other hand time is too limited.

　　6. be considered to be

　　He is considered to be the best candidate for the job.

　　Father is considered to be a humorous and responsible person.

　　7. in addition (to)

　　In addition， there are some magazines on the table.

　　In addition to bread， we had some milk and eggs for breakfast.

　　8. make decision

　　You have to make an immediate decision about the project.

　　It is difficult for me to make a decision right now.

　　9. help with

　　He hoped that his brother would help him with his math.

　　At weekends I often help my mother with the housework.

　　10. in contrast

　　In contrast with the low grade I got， Paul got a full mark on the biology test.

　　Their club， in contrast， reached a membership of 2000 last year.

　　11. give up

　　You will amount to nothing if you always give up easily.

　　The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking.

　　12. get ready for

　　He got up early in the morning in order to get ready for the exam.

　　I haven't got ready for the interview yet.

　　13. be busy doing

　　Mother is busy cooking in the kitchen.

　　The teacher is busy distributing the test papers.

　　14. in conclusion

　　She will say a few words about the arrangement in conclusion.

　　In conclusion， the old people are happy in most of the Asian countries.

　　15. instead of

　　Instead of getting the bike repaired he bought a new one.

　　Who is going to the meeting instead of you?

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