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B锛庡績鎴挎敹绺�
C锛庝钩闋倢鏀剁府
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杞�(zhu菐n)閷勪綔鐢ㄧ敓鎴愮殑RNA鏄疪NA鐨勫墠楂旓紝鍗虫湭鎴愮啛RNA銆傛湭鎴愮啛RNA鏄矑鏈夌敓鐗╁(xu茅)娲绘€х殑锛岄倓闇€鍦ㄩ叾鐨勪綔鐢ㄤ笅缍�(j墨ng)姝峰姞宸ユ墠鑳芥垚鐐烘湁娲绘€х殑鎴愮啛RNA銆俁NA鐨勫姞宸ラ亷绋嬩富瑕佹槸鍦ㄧ窗(x矛)鑳炴牳鍏�(n猫i)閫�(j矛n)琛�锛屼篃鏈夊皯鏁�(sh霉)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏄湪鑳炴伎涓€�(j矛n)琛岀殑銆傚悇绋甊NA鐨勫姞宸ラ亷绋嬫湁鑷繁鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆傚姞宸ラ鍨嬩富瑕佹湁浠ヤ笅骞剧ó锛氣憼鍓垏鍜屽壀鎺ワ細鍓嶈€呮槸鎸囧壀鍘婚儴鍒嗗簭鍒�锛屽悗鑰呮槸鍓垏鍚庡張灏囨煇浜涚墖娈甸€f帴璧蜂締锛涒憽鏈娣诲姞鏍歌嫹閰革細濡倀RNA3鈥茬娣诲姞-CCA锛涒憿鍖栧(xu茅)淇>锛氫富瑕佺櫦(f膩)鐢熷湪鍫垮熀鍜屾牳绯栧垎瀛愪笂锛屽tRNA鍒嗗瓙涓翱鑲插寲瀛�(xu茅)淇>鐐哄亣灏胯嫹銆�
1锛巑RNA鍓嶉珨鐨勫姞宸�
鍘熸牳鐢熺墿杞�(zhu菐n)閷勪綔鐢ㄧ敓鎴愮殑mRNA灞簬澶氶爢鍙嶅瓙mRNA锛屽嵆鐢辨搷绺卞瓙姗�(j墨)鍒舵帶鍒剁敓鎴愮殑涓€姊漨RNA鍙法纰煎咕绋笉鍚岀殑铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)銆傚師鏍哥敓鐗╄綁(zhu菐n)閷勭敓鎴愮殑鍒濈礆(j铆)杞�(zhu菐n)閷勬湰mRNA涓嶉渶缍�(j墨ng)閬庡京(f霉)闆滅殑鍔犲伐閬庣▼鍗冲彲琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍔熻兘锛屾儫涓€鐨勫姞宸ラ亷绋嬫槸澶氶爢鍙嶅瓙mRNA鍦≧nase鈪㈢殑鍌寲涓嬭瑙g偤鍠€�(g猫)鐨勯爢鍙嶅瓙銆傜湡鏍哥敓鐗╄綁(zhu菐n)閷勭敓鎴愮殑鏄柈闋嗗弽瀛恗RNA锛屽叾鍓嶉珨鏄潪鍧囦竴RNA(hnRNA)銆俬nRNA鍔犲伐閬庣▼鍖呮嫭锛�
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3锛巖RNA鍓嶉珨鐨勫姞宸�
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