2019年湖北成人學位英語考試詞匯語法練習題(一)

2019年湖北成人學位英語考試詞匯語法練習題(一)：詞匯和語法

1.It is obvious that this new rule is applicable to everyone without _____.

A.exception

B.exclusion

C.modification

D.substitution

答案：A

[譯文] 很明顯，這條規(guī)定適用于任何人，沒有例外。

[解析] Without exception為固定搭配，表示“毫無例外，無一例外”。Exclusion表示“排除，排外”;modification的意思是“更改，修正”;substitution表示“替代”。

2.Last night he saw two dark _____ enter the building, and then there was the explosion.

A.features

B.figures

C.sketches

D.images

答案：B

[譯文] 昨天晚上他看見兩個黑影進了大樓，然后就發(fā)生了爆炸。

[解析] Feature 表示“特征，特點”;sketch的意思是“素描，梗概，草圖”;image表示“形象”;而figure表示“外形，輪廓，體型”，符合上下文。

3.Faced with rapid inflation and _____ international and home markets, many firms have declared bankrupt.

A. lessening

B. shortening

C. shrinking

D. withdrawing

答案：C.?？疾榻x動詞的語義辨析。各選項的意思及用法分別是：選項A.lessening減少，減輕，側(cè)重指程度、重要性等的減輕。如：The defeat lessened our chances of winning the championship.此次失敗使我們奪冠的希望變得更加渺茫。lessen the burden of減輕負擔;選項B.shortening縮短，變短，如The days are beginning to shorten.天開始變短了。shorten the gap between縮小……之間的差距;選項C.shrinking使收縮，縮小，減少，側(cè)重指尺寸、大小等的變小。如：The number of students attending the lecture has shrunk.聽講座的學生人數(shù)減少了。Will this soap shrink woolen clothes?這種肥皂會使羊毛衣服縮水嗎?選項D. withdrawing收回，撤退，撤銷，如：After awhile, he withdrew his proposal.過了一會兒，他撤回了他的提議。根據(jù)題意可判斷出選項C.應為正確答案。全句意思是“面對通貨膨脹和日益縮小的國際國內(nèi)市場，許多公司都已宜布破產(chǎn)”。

4.We'd better eliminate junk foods from our kitchen and keep a variety of high-quality foods _____ at all times.

A. available

B. desirable

C. enormous

D. numerous

答案：A.?？疾樾稳菰~語義環(huán)境。四個選項的意思分別是：選項A.available現(xiàn)成可使用的，在手邊的，可利用的;選項B.desirable稱心如意的，值得有的，如I envy Jane because her job is so desirable.我很羨慕簡，因為她有一份很稱心的工作。選項C.enormous巨大的，極大的，龐大的;選項D.numerous許多的，很多的，如：This is a conclusion he has drawn from numerous facts.這是他從很多事實當中得出的結(jié)論。根據(jù)題干可判斷出選項A.應為正確答案。全句的意思為“我們應清除廚房里的垃圾食品，而使各種高質(zhì)量的食物隨手可及”。

5.The purpose of your resume is to _____ enough interest in you to have an employer contact you for an interview.

A. assemble

B. generate

C. yield

D. gather

答案：B.。考查動詞的語義辨析。各選項的意思分別是：選項A.assemble意為“集合，聚集，召集;裝配”，如：The whole school assembled in the main hall.全校學生在大禮堂集合。Before you assemble the model plane, read the instructions.在你組裝模型飛機前，先讀說明書。選項B.generate意為“生成，產(chǎn)生(光、熱、電等.;引起(興趣等.”，如：News of the Queen's visit is generating a lot of excitement.女皇來訪的消息使大家感到非常興奮。選項C.yield意為“生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)生(利潤、回報等.;投降，屈服”，如：His business yields big profits.他的生意利潤豐厚。選項D.gather意為“聚集，集合;收集，采集”，如：Many people gathered in the town square.很多人聚集在市政廣場。該題需注意選項B.和選項C.在搭配上的區(qū)別。根據(jù)題意，選項B.應為正確答案。全句意思為是“簡歷就是要充分引起雇主對你的興趣，并達到進一步聯(lián)系面試的目的”。

6.Some concepts may be difficult to grasp chiefly because they may be unfamiliar or _____ ideas, opinions which we already hold.

A. in accordance with

B. in conflict with

C. in favor of

D. in response to

答案：B.?？疾榻樵~短語的語義。四個選項的意思分別是：選項A.in accordance with依照，根據(jù);選項B.in conflict with與……相沖突;選項C.in favor of支持，贊同;選項D.in response to作為對……的反應。根據(jù)題意可判斷出選項B.為正確答案。全句的意思為“一些觀念很難讓人領(lǐng)會主要是因為我們對其不熟悉或者是因為與我們原有的觀點相矛盾”。

7.The city government has determined to get _____ with people who try to escape paying taxes.

A. rough

B. tough

C. rigid

D. bold

答案：B.?？疾樾稳菰~語義及搭配。能與介詞with搭配的只有選項B.tough，get tough with/on sb.意為“對……采取堅決態(tài)度;對……采用強硬手段”。其余選項的意思分別是：選項A.rough意為“粗糙的;粗野的，粗暴的;粗略的，大致的”;選項C.rigid(行為觀點等.嚴格的，死板的，不易改變的;選項D.bold意為“勇敢的，無畏的;冒失的，魯莽的”。全句的意思是“政府部門決心采取強硬手段來懲治偷稅人員”。

8.Human beings are superior to animals _____ they can use language as a tool to communicate.

A. for which

B. in which

C. in that

D. for that

答案：C

詳解：答案為C。in that表示“因為，既然”.

9.Do you know the name of that _____ insect?

A. funny, little, red, mosquito-like

B. little, funny, mosquito-like, red

C. red, little, funny, mosquito-like

D. mosquito-like, red, little, funny

答案：A

詳解：答案為A。本題考核修飾語的排列順序：限定詞—數(shù)詞—一般描繪性形容詞—表示大小、形狀的形容詞—表示年齡、新舊的形容詞—表示色彩的形容詞—表示國籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞—表示物質(zhì)、材料的形容詞—表示用途、類別的形容詞—被修飾名詞。了解個大概順序，如果記不得，只有讀幾遍憑語感來選擇。

10.The time has come _____ we make extensive use of nuclear energy.

A. When

B. while

C. as

D. since

答案：A

詳解：答案為A。when引導的定語從句修飾time，有時為了使句子平衡，也就是使主語不必過長，而把定語從句或同位語從句后置于謂語之后。如：The news came that our team won the match.