成人學(xué)位英語考試備考點(diǎn):常用英語慣用語辨析
(1)no standing與free-standing:
no standing意思是不準(zhǔn)在此停車(即使司機(jī)還在車上也不行),也就是"don't stop"或"no car at all",通常用在大城市交通十分擁擠的地方。至于"no parking",意思也是不準(zhǔn)在此停車,但司機(jī)還可以坐在車?yán)镆欢螘r(shí)間,必要時(shí),可隨時(shí)移動(dòng)車子,也就是"you may stay in your car for a short period of time"。例如:
In New York City there are many"no standing"signs posted on the streets.
在紐約市,路上有許多"不準(zhǔn)停車"的牌子。
"No parking"signs sprang up around the school campus in America.
美國校園里出現(xiàn)一些"不準(zhǔn)停車"的路牌。
但是free-standing(adj,in dividual or separate building for a specific purpose),意思是獨(dú)立式的,多指為特別用途而蓋的單獨(dú)建筑物或指一大建筑物的某種裝飾。例如:
There is a new free-standing restaurant near the down town area.
在市中心區(qū)附近有座新的獨(dú)立餐館。
(2)break the house與 housebreak:
housebreak(to train pets to live proper hygiene at home)是指訓(xùn)練狗、貓等寵物,使其能在指定的地點(diǎn)大、小便,以保持家里的衛(wèi)生。例如:
Pet owners should housebreak their dogs and cats.
寵物主人應(yīng)該訓(xùn)練狗貓的衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣。
但是"break the house"的意思是damage the house。例如:
Accidentally, he broke the house by backing up his car.
他倒車時(shí),意外碰壞了房子。
(3)kick off 與 tip off:
kick off(officially start or beg in something)(有時(shí)也指球賽)意思是指任何事情的正式開始。例如:
Our school has recently kicked off a mass fundraising campaign.
我們學(xué)校近發(fā)起一次大規(guī)模的籌款運(yùn)動(dòng)。
但是,tip off(the beginning of official basketball game)雖然也指開始,不過多半是指籃球開賽前,裁判開球讓兩邊球員爭球。例如:
The players tipped off the basketball game at 2:00 yesterday afternoon.
籃球賽于昨天下午兩點(diǎn)開始。
to tip somebody off(to inform somebody)意思是通知某人。
(4)in line與on the line:
in line有許多意義,但常見的意思是服從,不越軌,或按次序(obey,con trol or in the order)。例如:
The government is trying to keep the price of gas in line.
政府正設(shè)法控制汽油的價(jià)格。反之,out of line就是出格,不妥或舉止不當(dāng)。例如:
His opinions are out of line with reality.
他的意見是不合實(shí)際的。然而,(something)on the line意思又是"以某種事物為賭注或冒險(xiǎn)"。例如:
Many police have put their lives on the line.
許多警察都冒著生命的危險(xiǎn)。
If you continue to be hostile toward me, our friendship will be on the line.
假如你繼續(xù)與我敵對,我們的友誼就有危險(xiǎn)。
on-line指自動(dòng)化,電腦化。例如:
All the libraries in the U.S.are on- line.美國所有圖書館都是電腦化。
(5)gifted child與exceptional child:
gifted child一般是指IQ很高的孩子;美國中、小學(xué)也有g(shù)ifted and talented program(簡稱G and T program),現(xiàn)在也叫 magnet program。但是exceptional child是指特殊兒童,可能是指IQ很高,
也可能指 low IQ,除非在句子里特別說明,否則一般老外倒認(rèn)為是智商較低或retarded child。例如:
There are many gifted children in her class.
她班上有很多智商很高的孩子。
注:美國政府對低能孩子的教育,反而十分重視,因?yàn)檎M湍軐W(xué)生也能成為社會(huì)有用的份子。
They can be more productive members of society.
(6)block out與black out:
to block out(to plan something ahead)意思是草擬大綱或訂出某種計(jì)劃。例如:
Her boss prefers her to block out her annual vacation time.
老板要她訂出每年度假的時(shí)間。
但是black out的意思,多半是指停電(no electricity)。例如:
This block was blacked out for hours last night.
這個(gè)街區(qū)昨晚停電幾個(gè)小時(shí)。
California has experienced many black-outs this year.
今年加州多次停電。
(7)off course與of course:
off course(out of line or in a wrong direction ;not in the designated area)意思是偏離方向或越出指定的范圍。例如:
The ship was 200 international nautical miles off course.
那船偏離航向200國際海里。
反之,"on course"(right direction)就是正確方向。例如:
President Bush is trying to put American economy on course.
布什總統(tǒng)設(shè)法使美國經(jīng)濟(jì)走上正軌。
但是"of course"意思是當(dāng)然或自然(as a matter of fact)。例如:
Of course, we will have turkey for Thanksgiving.
感恩節(jié)我們當(dāng)然要吃火雞。
They, of course, are excellent students in my class.
他們當(dāng)然是我班上的學(xué)生。
(8)wanted poster與 want ad:
wanted poster通常是指通緝公告。例如:
I saw several FBI wanted posters in the city.
我在城里看到幾張聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局的通緝布告。
但是want ad多半是指報(bào)紙雜志刊登的人找事或事找人的廣告。例如:
If you need a job, check the want ads in the newspaper.
He got a job through a newspaper want ad.
他從報(bào)紙的廣告里找到一份工作。
至于,"help wanted"是指"需要幫手"(need a helper),而"job wanted"是指"需要工作"
(need a job)。例如:
I will put a help wanted ad in our local newspaper.
我要在地方報(bào)紙上刊登廣告找?guī)褪帧?/p>
(9)to tidy up與to tie up:
to tidy up意思是整理或清理(to clean up)。例如:
He is tidying up his garage.(desk, car,etc.)
他正在清理車庫。
至于"to tie up loose ends"(to finish up something)又是一個(gè)十分常用的短語,意思是收拾零碎東西或完成某事。例如:
I have to tie up loose ends be fore immigrating to Canada.
我移民到加拿大前,必須辦完零碎事情。(諸如打行李包等)
Prior to her retirement, she has to tie up loose ends.
她在退休前必須辦完一些零碎的事情。
(10)Surgeon General與chief surgeon:
Surgeon General是美國公共衛(wèi)生部部長,也就是掌握美國三軍、聯(lián)邦、州政府大眾健康的官員(chief medical officer for the U.S.public health services)(也許因?yàn)榕c美國軍隊(duì)有關(guān),故用 "general")。例如:
The Surgeon General was appointed by the President of the U.S..
美國公共衛(wèi)生部部長是由總統(tǒng)任命。
但是,chief surgeon是指一般醫(yī)院的手術(shù)室主任。
Normally, the chief surgeon will perform the most delicate operations.
通常手術(shù)室主任施行復(fù)雜的手術(shù)。
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