學士學位英語完形填空復習資料：詞匯的復現(xiàn)關系
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詞匯的復現(xiàn)關系指的是某一詞以原詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞、概括詞或其他形式重復出現(xiàn)在語篇中，語篇中的句子通過這種復現(xiàn)關系達到了相互銜接。詞匯的復現(xiàn)關系又可分為原詞復現(xiàn)、同義詞或近義詞復現(xiàn)、上下義詞復現(xiàn)和概括詞復現(xiàn)四類。例如：
1.They go to sleep in all kinds of places. Red squirrels disappear inside trees, bears use caves, frogs go deep under the mud, and many other animals dig holes in the earth. (概括和同義復現(xiàn))
2. At that moment, however, he felt strangely unwilling to do so. Instead of moving backward as planned, he took a step forward, and then another! (反義復現(xiàn))
例1：It can be said that foreign ____ that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also (creates) problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual.………professor and his students (lack) background in each others’ culture.
A. situation B. background
C. circumstances D. condition
【答案】B。四個選項都表示“情況”的概念，而一個外籍老師的“情況”又該用什么詞來表達，通過文章后半部的閱讀考生就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)background一詞，便可判斷此處答案為B。
例2：As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. ……… Moving the pilot (aside), the man took his seat and listened carefully to the (urgent) instructions that were being sent by radio from the airport (below). The plane was now dangerously close (to) the ground, but to everyone‘s (relief), it soon began to climb. The man had to __84___ the airport several times in order to become (familiar) with the controls of the plane. ……… Following __88___, the man guided the plane toward the airfield.
84. A. surround B. circle C. observe D. view
88. A. impressions B. information
C. inspections D. instructions
【答案】B/D。從上文中的circled可以推斷84“在機場上盤旋”應該是B。從上文中l(wèi)istened to the instructions可以判斷88為D。這樣，84為上文中circle的復現(xiàn);follow instructions 為listen to instructions的復現(xiàn)。
例3：Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students.………… It is the ______responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library.
A. student’s B. professor’s C. assistant’s D. librarian’s
【答案】A。從前面的responsibilities for learning lie with the students可以判斷查找材料也應該是"學生"的責任，所以答案為A。
例4：Forcing yourself to recall (almost) never helps because it doesn't ____ your memory; it only tightens it.
A. loosen B. weaken C. decrease D. reduce
【答案】A。前后兩部分互為解釋，一為肯定，一為否定，為反義復現(xiàn)。從下文的tighten可以判斷，上文應該是選loosen。
例5：There are four types of blood. _______ types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race.
A. All B. Most C. No D. Some
【答案】A。并列連詞and說明前后語意一致，那么，前后應該是反義復現(xiàn)，與no 反義的自然是A(all) 。
例5：Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, the instructors expect students to be familiar with the (information) in the reading …………When research is ______, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with (minimum) guidance.
A. collected B. assigned
C. distributed D. finished
【答案】B。該部分作者通過兩個例子說明，應該有學生負責自己的學習，都是從"布置作業(yè)"方面解釋。說明布置閱讀作業(yè)時要求學生如何;布置研究作業(yè)時又該要求學生如何。兩個例子概念復現(xiàn)，借助于give reading assignment的表達方式，可以確定答案應該是B，構(gòu)成assign research的結(jié)構(gòu)。
例6：(Although) these wide modern roads are generally (smooth) and well maintained, with (little) sharp curves and many straight (sections) ………… others are uneven road _______ through the country.
A. driving B. curving C. crossing D. traveling
【答案】B。上文中提高高速公路上的彎道時用的是curve，空格處復現(xiàn)“彎道”的概念，用的應該是與curve有關的動詞，即curving。
例7：Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a _______ result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of (man) other objectives.
A. single B. sole C. specialized D. specific
【答案】D。冒號后自然是對上文的解釋，從解釋的內(nèi)容來看，三者統(tǒng)一于一個概念之下：specific為具體，所以答案為D。
例8：Consider the everyday English ______ "Goodbye".
A. expression B. statement C. proverb D.conversation
【答案】A。Goodbye為所填之詞的同位語，goodbye 為下義詞，其上義詞應該是A，expression。
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