2021年成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)(一)
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2021年成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí):
1.表示并列關(guān)系的連詞有:and, both…and…, not only… but also…和neither…nor…
1)and的特別用法:
祈使句后連接and,有條件句作用,此時(shí)and=if you…, you'll…
Go straight on, and you'll see the library.=If you go straight on, you will see the library.
2)both…and…既…也…,(兩者)都…
A、both…and…謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。
Both Jim and Kate are from England.
B、both…and…否定句表示部分否定。
Both my father and my mother aren't doctors.我的父母只有一個(gè)人是醫(yī)生。
3)neither…nor… 既不…也不…
neither…nor…連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞靠近哪個(gè)主語(yǔ)就與哪個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持“人稱”和 “數(shù)”的一致,即采取就近原則。Neither I nor he has seen the play before.
4)not only…but also… 不但…而且…
not only…but also… 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也遵循就近原則。
Not only the mother but also the children are ill.
2.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞有:but, however, yet, still,while等。
Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.
Tom got up early, yet he failed to catch the train.
He was very tired, still he kept on walking.
Your composition is fairly good, however, there is still some room for improvement.
Jane is hard working ,while her sister is quite lazy.
3.表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞有:or, either…or…, whether… or…等。
1)or:或、否則
A:基本用法
or 表示“或” 的意思,使用于兩者之中選擇一個(gè)的時(shí)候。
----Is your friend English or American? ----American.
He doesn't like dumplings or noodles.
B:特別用法
祁使句后連接or,表 “如果…,否則…”,有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思,此時(shí) or =if you don't …, you'll …
Hurry up, or you'll be late.=If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.
2)either…or…:或者…或者…; 不是…就是…;要么…要么…
A. either…or…連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞靠近哪個(gè)主語(yǔ)就與哪個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持 “人稱”和 “數(shù)”的一致,即就近原則。
Either you or I am right. Does either she or they like English?
B. 由either…or…引導(dǎo)的否定句是完全否定。
She isn't either a student or a teacher.
3)whether…or…不管…還是…
She is always cheerful, whether at home or at school.
4.表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有:for(因?yàn)?,so(所以)。
He is not at school today, for he has a bad cold.
It was late, so I went home.
5.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有:before, after, when, while, as, till, until, since, as soon as
After they had planted their crops, they took a rest.
We have learned six lessons since he began to teach us.
As soon as he gets to Beijing, he'll call me.
1) as 表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,多用于主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,強(qiáng)調(diào)“一邊……一邊”。He sang as he walked.
2)until用法:當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),主從句都用肯定式,譯為“直到……為止”;當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞時(shí),主句用否定式,從句用肯定式,即not…until,譯為“直到……才”。
Mr. Green waited until his children came back.(格林先生一直等到他的孩子們回來(lái))
Mr. Green didn't go to bed until his children came back.(格林先生直到他的孩子們回來(lái)才睡覺(jué))
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