2012骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│瑭﹂鍙婄瓟妗�-鐞嗗伐椤濩绱氶柋璁€鐞嗚В

鏇存柊鏅傞枔锛�2015-12-10 11:50:58 渚嗘簮锛殀0

鐎忚

鏀惰棌

銆€銆€2012骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│宸茬稉绲愭潫锛岀挵(hu谩n)鐞冪恫鏍℃暣鐞嗙櫦(f膩)甯�2012骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鐞嗗伐椤濩绱�(瑭﹀嵎浠ｇ⒓31)瑭﹂鍙婄瓟妗�锛屾暚璜嬮棞娉�!

鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫鏍�2012骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鎶间腑45鍒嗗師椤�锛�涔堝缓鑿暀鎺堢崹瀹惰В鏋�2012骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│

Making Light of1 Sleep

銆€銆€All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock锛� your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle锛宑alled a circadian rhythm锛宧elps control when

銆€銆€you wake锛寃hen you eat and when you sleep.$lesson$

銆€銆€Somewhere around puberty锛宻omething happens in the timing of the biological clock. The

銆€銆€clock pushes forward锛宻o adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed锛寉our body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.

銆€銆€This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems锛宼oo. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6 when they don't get enough sleep锛宻ays Mary Carskadon锛宎 sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence锛孯I7 .It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.

銆€銆€But just like your alarm clock锛寉our internal clock can be reset. In fact锛宨t automatically resets

銆€銆€itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.

銆€銆€Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years锛宺esearchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock8 were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.

銆€銆€But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.

銆€銆€瑭炲尟锛�

銆€銆€circadian/s3:'keidiən/ adj. 鏅濆绡€(ji茅)濂忕殑锛岀敓鐞嗙瘈(ji茅)濂忕殑

銆€銆€adolescent/ædəu'lesənt/ n.闈掑皯骞�;adj.闈掑皯骞寸殑

銆€銆€puberty/ 'pju:bəti/ n.鐧�(f膩)鑲�;闈掓槬鏈�

銆€銆€sync/siŋk/ n. (鍙ｈ獮)鍚屾;鍜岃锛屽崝(xi茅)瑾�

銆€銆€synchronize/'siŋkrənaiz / V.(浣�)鍚屾檪鐧�(f膩)鐢�;(浣�)鍚屾

銆€銆€娉ㄩ噵锛�

銆€銆€1.make light of 锛氳紩瑕�锛屼笉鍦ㄤ箮銆備緥濡傦細 We should not make light of their achievements.鎴戝€戜笉鎳夌暥?sh霉)鍑告氮楹勫厞鏌愬垹姹€?/P>

銆€銆€2. your internal clock 锛氭寚鐨勬槸绗竴鍙ヤ腑鐨刟 clock located inside our brains 锛屼篃鍗虫槸绗簩娈电涓€鍙ヤ腑鐨則he biological clock (鐢熺墿閻�)銆�

銆€銆€3. stay up锛氫笉鐫¤锛岀啲澶�

銆€銆€4. This shift锛氶€欑ó瑾挎暣銆傛寚涓婃枃鎵€鎻忚堪鐨勭敱浜庣敓鐞嗘檪闁撶殑璁婂寲闈掑皯骞翠笂搴婃檪闁撹秺渚嗚秺鏅氱殑鐝�(xi脿n)璞�銆�

銆€銆€5. get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark 锛氭墦浜備簡浣犵殑鐢熺墿閻樿垏鏅濆鏅傞枔寰挵(hu谩n)涔嬮枔鐨勫钩琛�

銆€銆€6. gray cloud 锛氭彁涓嶈捣绮剧鐨勭媭鎱�(t脿i)

銆€銆€7. Brown University in Providence锛� RI锛氫綅浜庣編鍦嬬緟寰楀扯宸炴櫘缇呯董鐧绘柉鐨勫竷鏈楀ぇ瀛�銆俁I鏄疪hode

銆€銆€Island(缇呭緱宄�)鐨勯瀛楁瘝绺;Providence 鏄緟寰楀扯宸炵殑棣栧簻銆傚竷鏈楀ぇ瀛告槸缇庡湅涓€娴佸ぇ瀛�锛�

銆€銆€鍓�(chu脿ng)寤轰簬1764 骞�锛屾槸涓栫晫鑱炲悕鐨勭編鍦嬧€滃父鏄ヨ棨鑱�(li谩n)鐩熲€�(閭勫寘鎷搱浣涘ぇ瀛�銆佽€堕澶у銆佹櫘鏋楁柉闋撳ぇ瀛�銆佸竷鏈楀ぇ瀛搞€佸摜鍊瘮浜炲ぇ瀛�銆佽硴澶曟硶灏间簽澶у銆侀仈鐗硅寘鏂ぇ瀛稿拰搴峰鐖惧ぇ瀛�)涓殑涓€鍝�銆�

銆€銆€8. the signals that synchronize the body's clock锛氬钩琛＄敓鐗╅悩鐨勫厜淇¤櫉

銆€銆€绶寸繏锛�

銆€銆€1 .The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because

銆€銆€A it controls when we wake锛寃hen we eat and when we sleep.

銆€銆€B it has a cycle of 24 hours.

銆€銆€C it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm.

銆€銆€D it can alarm any time during 24 hours.

銆€銆€2. What is implied in the second paragraph?

銆€銆€A Young children's biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers.

銆€銆€B People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock.

銆€銆€C Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.

銆€銆€D Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer screen.

銆€銆€3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader that

銆€銆€A it is natural for teenagers to stay up late and get up late.

銆€銆€B staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers' ability to think and learn.

銆€銆€C during puberty most teenagers experience a kind of gray cloud.

銆€銆€D it is hard for teenagers to get out of bed in the morning.

銆€銆€4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?

銆€銆€A Our biological clock resets itself automatically.

銆€銆€B light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock.

銆€銆€C Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.

銆€銆€D Our internal clock锛宭ike the alarm clock锛宑an be reset.

銆€銆€5. According to the last two paragraphs锛� what did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system?

銆€銆€A The human eye had two light-sensing systems.

銆€銆€B The human eye had one light-sensing system.

銆€銆€C The human eye could sense the light of day more quickly than the dark of night.

銆€銆€D The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks.

銆€銆€绛旀鑸囬瑙ｏ細

銆€銆€1.B 绗竴娈电浜屽彞鎻愪緵浜嗙瓟妗堛€傚彞涓殑your internal clock 鍗虫寚a clock located inside our Brains銆�

銆€銆€2. C 绗簩娈典富瑕佸収瀹规槸鍛婅ù璁€鑰咃紝閬庝簡闈掓槬鏈�(puberty)锛岀敱浜庣敓鐗╅悩绡€(ji茅)濂忕殑璁婂寲锛岄潚灏戝勾(adolescents and teenagers)姣斾互鍓嶈鏅氱潯骞惧皬鏅�銆傛墍浠鏄┎娈垫墍闅卞惈鐨勫収瀹�銆�

銆€銆€3. B 绗笁娈电殑鏈€鍚庝竴鍙ョ洿鎺ョ郸鍑轰簡绛旀銆�

銆€銆€4. C 鏍规摎(j霉)绗洓鍜岀浜旀鐨勫収瀹癸紝楝ч悩鍜岀敓鐗╅悩閮藉彲浠ラ噸鏂拌ō瀹氭檪闁�锛屼絾鐢熺墿閻樿兘閫氶亷鐪肩潧鎺�

銆€銆€鍙楃殑鏃ュ厜渚嗚嚜鍕曡绡€(ji茅)鐢熺悊绡€(ji茅)濂�銆傛墍浠銆丅鍜孌閮芥槸閫欏叐娈典腑鎵€杩板収瀹�锛孋鏄纰洪伕鎿�锛屽洜鐐洪閻樹笉鑳借嚜鍕曢噸鏂拌ō瀹氭檪闁�銆�

銆€銆€5.B 鍟忛浣跨敤鐨勬槸閬庡幓鏅�锛屽晱鐨勬槸鐮旂┒鑰呭湪鏈€鏂扮櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)(recent discoveries)涔嬪墠灏嶇溂鐫涙劅鍏夌郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勮獚璀�锛屽嵆锛宼he signals that synchronize the body's clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see (鐪肩潧鎵€鎺ュ彈鍒扮殑骞宠　鐢熺墿閻樼殑鍏変俊铏熷悓妯ｄ綔鐢ㄤ簬浜洪鐨勮瑕虹郴绲�(t菕ng))锛屼篃灏辨槸瑾�锛岀爺绌惰€呬箣鍓嶈獚鐐轰汉椤炵殑鐪肩潧鍙湁涓€鍊嬫劅鍏夌郴绲�(t菕ng)銆備絾鏈€鏂扮櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鍗绘槸锛屼汉鐨勭溂鐫涙湁鍏╁€嬫劅鍏夌郴绲�(t菕ng)銆�

鏇村鐩搁棞淇℃伅璜嬮棞娉�:

•2013骞村叏鍦嬭伔绋辫嫳瑾炵瓑绱氳€冭│缍茬怠杓斿皫鎷涚敓绨＄珷
•2012骞村叏鍦嬭伔绋辫嫳瑾炴垚绺炬煡瑭㈡檪闁撳強鐭伅鎻愰啋闋愬畾
•鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冧箞寤鸿彲鏁欐巿鐛ㄥ瑙ｆ瀽2012骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│
•鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫鏍�2012骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鎶间腑45鍒嗗師椤�
•鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冮鐧�(f膩)2012骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鐪熼鑸囩瓟妗堝尟绺�

鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫鏍�2012骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鎶间腑45鍒嗗師椤�锛�涔堝缓鑿暀鎺堢崹瀹惰В鏋�2012骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│

Puerto Rican Cuisine(鑿滆偞)

銆€銆€Puerto Rico, a Caribbean (鍔犲嫆姣旀捣鍗€(q奴)) island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty, has a cuisine all its own. Immigration(绉绘皯) to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to it. However, before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico. Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents (鍤欓綊鍕曠墿), fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.

銆€銆€Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves. Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes. The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep to the island. Africans also added to the island's food culture by introducing powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes. In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous for - coffee, coconuts, and oranges - was actually imported by foreigners to the island.

銆€銆€A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(杈涜荆鐨�). lt's true that chili peppers are popular; aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy. However, milder(寰荆鐨�) tastes are popular too, such as sofrito. As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes, sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, and a handful of other spices. It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.

銆€銆€36銆亀ho lived in Puerto Rico first

銆€銆€A.the Africans

銆€銆€B.the Spanish

銆€銆€C.the Americans

銆€銆€D.the Taino people

銆€銆€37銆両n the first paragraph the word 鈥渋t鈥� refers to

銆€銆€A.immigration

銆€銆€B.Caribbean history

銆€銆€C.the island鈥檚 natural beauty

銆€銆€D.Puerto Rican cuisine

銆€銆€38銆亀hat is the main idea of the second paragraph?

銆€銆€A.Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking

銆€銆€B.Food imported by foreigners isn鈥檛 really Puerto Rican

銆€銆€C.Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences

銆€銆€D.African foods have probably had the most influence

銆€銆€39銆丠ow is sofrito used?

銆€銆€A.It is eaten before meals

銆€銆€B.It is added to other dishes

銆€銆€C.It is used where foods are too spicy

銆€銆€D.It is eaten as a main dish

銆€銆€40銆亀hich of the following is NOT true?

銆€銆€A.softito is a type of extremely spicy food

銆€銆€B.Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicy

銆€銆€C.Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers

銆€銆€D.Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper

銆€銆€鍙冭€冪瓟妗堬細36-40 DDCBA

鏇村鐩搁棞淇℃伅璜嬮棞娉�:

鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫鏍�2012骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鎶间腑45鍒嗗師椤�锛�涔堝缓鑿暀鎺堢崹瀹惰В鏋�2012骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│

Archive Gallery: The Best of Bionics (浠跨敓瀛�)

銆€銆€Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet, but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes(闀烽牳楣�), which are otherwise calm and good-natured, sleep only 4.6 hours a day.

銆€銆€We realized a long, long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint(钘嶅湒) for invention. We've borrowed canals from beavers(娌宠矋) and reflectors from cat's eyes. Although the words "bionics" became popular only after the 1960s, history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday problems. Our archives(妾旀) don't go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes.

銆€銆€To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature. One of Orville Wright's pupils caught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan. Meanwhile, two French inventors examined spinning sycamore (姊ф) seeds in an effort to apply those same motions, reversed, to a helicopter.

銆€銆€Some examples are more obvious than others. The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks like a minimalistic(绨″柈鎶借薄钘濊) structure. On the other hand, Barney Connett's fish submarine(娼涙按鑹�) actually looks like a fish.

銆€銆€Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented. In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills of animals in hope of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers(铻炶毐)- sounds shocking, doesn't it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.

銆€銆€41. "Cats", "monkeys" and 'giraffes" mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate

銆€銆€A. they are highly-evolved species as humans.

銆€銆€B. animals have skills that humans do not possess.

銆€銆€C. humans can learn animals' skills.

銆€銆€D. they are skillful in different ways.

銆€銆€42. Which of the following can be found in the archive gallery?

銆€銆€A. First practical airplanes built in the late 19th century.

銆€銆€B. History books.

銆€銆€C. The Wright brothers' sculpture.

銆€銆€D. Leonardo da Vinci's bird-like flying machines.

銆€銆€43. What happened after the Wright brothers' success?

銆€銆€A. People carried out a systematic study on pigeons.