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銆€銆€Sugar Power for Cell Phones

銆€銆€Using enzymes commonly found in living cells锛宎 new type of fuel cell produces small amounts of electricity from sugar.If the technology is able to succeed in mass production锛寉ou may some day share your sweet drinks with your cell phone.

銆€銆€In fuel cells锛宑hemical reactions generate electrical currents.The process usually relies on precious metals锛宻uch as platinum.In living cells锛宔nzymes perform a similar job锛宐reaking down sugars to obtain electrons and produce energy.

銆€銆€When researchers previously used enzymes in fuel cells锛宼hey had trouble keeping them active锛宻ays Shelley D.Minteer of St Louis University1.Whereas biological cells continually produce fresh enzymes锛宼here鈥檚 no mechanism in fuel cells to replace enzymes as they quickly degrade.

銆€銆€Minteer and Tamara Klotzbach锛宎lso of St Louis University锛宧ave now developed polymers that wrap around an enzyme and preserve it in a microscopic pocket.鈥淲e tailor these pockets to provide the ideal microenvironment鈥� for the enzyme锛孧inteer says.The polymers keep the enzyme active for months instead of days.

銆€銆€In the new fuel Cell锛宼iny polymer bags of enzyme are embedded in a membrane that coats one of the electrodes.When glucose from a sugary liquid gets into a pocket锛宼he enzyme oxidizes it锛宺eleasing electrons and protons.The electrons cross the membrane and enter a wire through which they travel to the other electrode锛寃here they react with.oxygen in the atmosphere to produce water.The flow of electrons through the wire constitutes an electrical current that can generate power.

銆€銆€So far锛宼he new fuel cells don鈥檛 produce much power锛宐ut the fact that they work at all is exciting锛宻ays Paul Kenis锛宎 chemical engineer at the University of Illinois2 at Urhana-Champaign3.鈥淛ust getting it to work.鈥� Kenis says锛屸€渋s a major accomplishment.鈥�

銆€銆€Sugar-eating fuel cells could be an efficient way to make electricity.Sugar is easy to find. And the new fuel cells that run on it are biodegradable锛宻o the technology wouldn鈥檛 hurt the environment.The scientists are now trying to use different enzymes that will get more power from sugar.They predict that popular products may be using the new technology in as little as 3 years.

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銆€銆€electron/I5lektrRn/n.闆诲瓙 oxidize/5Cksi7daiz/v.姘у寲degrade/di5reid/v.闄嶈В glucose/5lu:kEus/n.钁¤悇绯�

銆€銆€polymer/5pClimE/n.鑱氬悎鐗� biodegradable/7baiEudi5reidEbl/adj.鑳介€茶鐢熺墿闄嶈В鐨�

銆€銆€microenvironment n.寰挵(hu谩n)澧� embed/im5bed/v.鍩嬬疆锛屾彃鍏�

銆€銆€proton/5prEutCn/n.璩瓙

銆€銆€瑭﹂

銆€銆€1. According to the first paragraph锛寃hen can we share our sweet drinks with our cell phones?

銆€銆€A When enzymes can be commonly found in living ceils.

銆€銆€B When the technology of producing a new type of fuel cell appears.

銆€銆€C When the technology of a new type of fuel cell is suitable for mass production.

銆€銆€D When the technology of mass producing cell phones appears.

銆€銆€2. What trouble did Minteer and Klotzhach have in their research?

銆€銆€A They had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells active.

銆€銆€B They had trouble keeping biological cells active.

銆€銆€C They had trouble producing fresh enzymes.

銆€銆€D They had trouble finding mechanism for producing enzymes.

銆€銆€3. According to Paragraph 5锛宔lectrons are released

銆€銆€A when bags of enzyme are embedded in the new fuel cell.

銆€銆€B when glucose from a sugary liquid goes through the enzyme.

銆€銆€C when the enzyme oxidizes the glucose from a sugary liquid that goes through

銆€銆€a pocket.

銆€銆€D when the enzyme oxidizes the sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.

銆€銆€4. What is exciting about the new fuel cells?

銆€銆€A Their limitless power generation capacity is amazing.

銆€銆€B Their limited power generation capacity is a good beginning.

銆€銆€C Their limited power generation capacity is the result of great efforts.

銆€銆€D Their limitless power generation capacity is a major accomplishment,

銆€銆€5. According to the last paragraph锛寃hat is NOT true of the new fuel cells?

銆€銆€A The new fuel cells run on sugar that is easy to find.

銆€銆€B The new fuel cells are environment friendly.

銆€銆€C The new fuel cells are biologically degradable,

銆€銆€D It will take some time before the new fuel cells can be used in popular products.

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銆€銆€1. C A鍜孌鏄庨’涓嶆槸姝ｇ⒑绛旀銆侭涓嶆槸姝ｇ⒑閬告搰锛屽洜鐐哄彧鏈夌暥閫欑ó鏂扮殑鐕冩枡闆绘睜琚ぇ瑕�(gu墨)妯＄敓鐢㈡檪锛屾墠鏈夊彲鑳藉鐝�(xi脿n)鐢ㄧ敎椋叉枡绲︽墜姗熸彁渚涢浕鑳�銆�

銆€銆€2. A 鏂囩珷绗笁娈电殑绗竴鍙ユ槸鍟忛鐨勭瓟妗�銆�

銆€銆€3. C 瑭叉绗簩鍙モ€淲hen glucose from a sugary liquid penetrates a pocket锛宼he enzyme oxidizes it锛宺eleasing electrons and proton鈥濅腑鐨刬t鎸囦唬glucose锛岃€屼笉鏄痑 sugary liquid锛屽洜 姝鏄纰洪伕鎿�銆�

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