2014年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)教材補(bǔ)全短文文章及譯文8

　點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入：2014年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)教材補(bǔ)全短文文章匯總

　衛(wèi)生類-補(bǔ)全短文

　　Research Shows Walking Can Lift Depression

　　New research by German scientists shows that author Charles Dickens was onto a good thing1 when he took long, brisk walks to relieve periodic bouts of depression. The author of Oliver Twist and David Coppeifield would walk for hours in the 1860s as an antidote to2 intense feelings of sadness which alternated with3 restless euphoria._____1_____

　　Aerobic exercise like rapid walking can be more effective at lifting depression than drugs, reported the scientists led by Dr. Fernando Dimeo._____2_____The team found that in 10 of these patients drugs had failed to bring any substantial improvement. The team devised an exercise regime for the group that involved walking on a treadmill for 30 minutes every day.______3____The intensity of the training programme was stepped up4 as the heart rate adapted. A measurement of depression severity was taken at the start and the end of the programme, and patients were asked to rate their own mood regularly over a 10-day period. The researchers in Berlin found that after 10 days of the course six patients felt “substantially less depressed”._____4_____Two were slightly less depressed, while four others remained unchanged. Depression levels overall fell by a third5 and on the self-assessed scores by 25 per cent, said the researchers whose findings appeared in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

　　The study was small but the extent of the improvement was said by scientists to be impressive.______5____ Nineteenth century doctors would have called Dickens’s condition melancholia since the psychological condition of depression was unknown. Dickens biographer Peter Ackroyd says the author’s son Charles remembers his father’s “heavy moods of deep depression” and many times of “intense nervous irritability”，something modern psychologists would certainly recognize6.

　　詞匯：

　　brisk 輕快的 periodic 周期性的

　　bout (疾病的)發(fā)作 antidote 解毒劑;矯正辦法

　　alternate .交替 euphoria 欣快癥,異常欣快

　　aerobic 需氧的,有氧健身法的 regime 制度

　　treadmill 跑步機(jī) severity 嚴(yán)重程度

　　pharmacological 藥理學(xué)的 melancholia 郁癥

　　biographer 傳記作者 irritability 急躁,易怒

　　注釋:

　　1.to be onto a good thing：to have found a good, easy or profitable situation 找到了一個(gè)舒適或有利可圖的位置

　　2.antidote后面常跟介詞to, for或against,例如：an antidote to poison:解毒藥

　　an antidote against snakebite：蛇藥

　　The cat is the best antidote for the rat.貓是鼠的最大克星。

　　3.alternate 后面常跟介詞with, between 或from... to...，例如：Day alternates with night.晝夜交替。

　　He alternated between high spirits and low spirits.他的情緒忽高忽低。

　　He often alternates from one extreme to another.他常走極端。

　　step up：逐步增加

　　4.fell by a third：下降了三分之一。介詞by可以用來表示升高、增加或降低、減少的程度。

　　5.something modern psychologists would certainly recognize:而這些病情現(xiàn)代心理學(xué)家一定能夠識(shí)別出來。something 是前面“heavy moods of deep depression”and many times of “intense nervous irritability”的同位語，something后面是個(gè)定語從句,省去關(guān)系代詞that。

　　練習(xí)：

　　A. The number included five who had not found any relief using drug treatment.

　　B. Long and brisk walks are not necessarily beneficial to every person.

　　C. They studied 12 people with severe depression that had lasted an average of nine months.

　　D. The outcome indicated a clinical benefit which could not be obtained with pharmacological treatment currently available, they said.

　　E. This is also the advice that experts from the Free University in Berlin are giving today.

　　F. According to the regime, intense activity lasting three minutes was alternated with walking at half speed for three minutes.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.E第一段說到了狄更斯找到了一種方法,即通過散步幾小時(shí)來緩解悲傷與亢奮交替的緊張情緒。文章的第一段通常都是點(diǎn)明主題,而E項(xiàng)正是文章題目所要具體闡述的內(nèi)容,故是最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　2.C第二段第一句說,科學(xué)家們報(bào)告,像快走這樣的有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)在消除抑郁情緒方面比藥物更有效。顯然下面需要具體說明這個(gè)結(jié)論的證據(jù)。C的They studied理所當(dāng)然地應(yīng)該指這些科學(xué)家?？瞻滋幍暮笠痪銽he team還是指這些人。故用C來連接上下文是最恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/P>

　　3.F空白處的前一句說,這些科學(xué)家為病人制訂了一個(gè)鍛煉計(jì)劃,選項(xiàng)F一開始就說“根據(jù)這個(gè)計(jì)劃”，可見后句與前句之間具有銜接關(guān)系,故它是最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　4.A空白處的前一句說有六位病人感到抑郁程度明顯減輕;空白處的后一句說有兩位稍微減輕,四位無變化。A說此人數(shù)包括五位以前使用藥物而病情沒有任何緩解的病人,故將它放在此處是最恰當(dāng)。

　　5.D空白處的前一句說這次研究(的范圍)雖小,但(病人病情)改善的程度卻給人很深的印象,此段實(shí)際上是對(duì)研究作總結(jié)。D也是一句總結(jié)性的話:“研究結(jié)果表明,它對(duì)臨床是有益處的,而這卻是現(xiàn)有的藥物治療所達(dá)不到的”，故把它放在此處也是最恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/P>

　　譯文：研究表明散步能緩解抑郁

　　據(jù)德國科學(xué)家的最新研究報(bào)告，狄更斯找到一種好方法，即通過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間輕快的散步來減輕周期性發(fā)作的沮喪情緒。這位《霧都孤兒》和《大衛(wèi)?科波菲爾》的作者在19世紀(jì)60年代時(shí)經(jīng)常用幾個(gè)小時(shí)的散步來緩解悲傷和亢奮交替的緊張情緒。這也是今天柏林自由大學(xué)的老師們給出的建議。

　　以Femando Dimeo博士為首的科學(xué)家們報(bào)告說，像快走這樣的有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)在消除抑郁情緒方面比藥物更有效。他們研究了12位嚴(yán)重抑郁的病人，其患抑郁癥的平均時(shí)間為九個(gè)月?？茖W(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)藥物治療對(duì)他們當(dāng)中的10位沒有實(shí)質(zhì)作用。他們?yōu)檫@些患者設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)鍛煉計(jì)劃，要求他們每天在跑步機(jī)上行走30分鐘.3分鐘高強(qiáng)度的行走與3分鐘速度減半的行走交替進(jìn)行。并且該計(jì)劃的強(qiáng)度隨著心率的調(diào)整逐步增加。在這個(gè)計(jì)劃的開始和結(jié)尾階段，將會(huì)對(duì)這些病人的抑郁程度進(jìn)行測(cè)評(píng)，而且要求病人們每隔十天就要測(cè)定一下自己的情緒。柏林研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)：10天后有六位病人感到“抑郁程度明顯減輕”，其中五位是藥物治療根本不起作用的患者。兩位略微減輕，四位無變化。研究員們說總體的抑郁程度減輕了三分之一，病人自評(píng)的減輕程度為25%，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)被刊登在《英國運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)藥雜志》上。

　　雖然這次研究的范圍小，但科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，這一方法對(duì)病情的改善程度給人以深刻的印象。他們認(rèn)為它對(duì)臨床是有益處的，而這卻是現(xiàn)有藥物治療所達(dá)不到的。

　　由于19世紀(jì)時(shí)人們對(duì)抑郁的心理狀況不甚了解，因而那時(shí)的醫(yī)生稱的梗死的狀況為憂郁癥。為狄更斯作傳的彼德?阿克瑞德說狄更斯的兒子查爾斯在回憶他的父親時(shí)說過，狄更斯有“深度抑郁”，而且有很多時(shí)候“極度暴躁不安”，而狄更斯的這些病情，現(xiàn)代心理學(xué)家一定能夠識(shí)別出來。

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