2014骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾�(缍滃悎椤�)鏁欐潗闁辫畝鍒ゆ柗鏂囩珷鍙婅鏂�9

鏇存柊鏅�(sh铆)闁擄細2015-12-10 11:50:58 渚嗘簮锛殀0

鐎忚

鏀惰棌

鎽樿 鐐轰簡鏂逛究寤ｅぇ鑰冪敓鍌欒€冿紝鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍＄壒鍦版暣鐞嗕簡鏁欐潗涓婄殑绱犳潗锛屼緵澶у绶寸繏(x铆)/閬歌畝锛屽笇鏈涘皪(du矛)澶у寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鏈夋墍骞姪銆�

銆€銆€榛�(di菐n)鎿婇€�(j矛n)鍏ワ細2014骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾�(缍滃悎椤�)鏁欐潗闁辫畝鍒ゆ柗鏂囩珷鍖附

銆€銆€缍滃悎椤�-闁辫畝鍒ゆ柗銆€

銆€銆€What Is a Dream?

銆€銆€For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others锛宧owever锛� think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person鈥檚 mind and emotions.

銆€銆€Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.

銆€銆€The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud1锛寃as probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person鈥檚 wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.

銆€銆€The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 was once a student of Freud鈥檚. Jung锛宧owever锛宧ad a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.

銆€銆€Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz锛宐elieves that dreams are tightly linked to a person鈥檚 daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.

銆€銆€Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.

銆€銆€He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men鈥檚 dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women鈥檚 dreams.3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.

銆€銆€Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn鈥檛 panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It鈥檚 important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.

銆€銆€瑭炲尟锛�

銆€銆€psychologist 蹇冪悊瀛�(xu茅)瀹� psychiatrist 绮剧鐥呭(xu茅)瀹�

銆€銆€Austrian 濂у湴鍒╃殑 gender 鎬у垾

銆€銆€娉ㄩ噵锛�

銆€銆€1.Sigmund Freud瑗挎牸钂欏痉?寮楁礇浼婂痉(1856鈥�1939)锛岀尪澶汉锛屽ェ鍦板埄绮剧鐥呴啱(y墨)鐢熷強绮剧鍒嗘瀽瀛�(xu茅)瀹�銆傜簿绁炲垎鏋愬(xu茅)娲剧殑鍓�(chu脿ng)濮嬩汉銆備粬瑾�(r猫n)鐐鸿澹撴姂鐨勬鏈涚禃澶ч儴鍒嗘槸灞簬鎬х殑锛屾€х殑鎿句簜鏄簿绁炵梾鐨勬牴鏈師鍥犮€傝憲鏈夈€婃€у(xu茅)涓夎珫銆嬨€婂あ(m猫ng)鐨勯噵缇┿€嬨€婂湒楱拌垏绂佸繉銆嬨€婃棩甯哥敓娲荤殑蹇冪悊鐥呯悊瀛�(xu茅)銆嬨€婄簿绁炲垎鏋愬紩璜栥€嬨€婄簿绁炲垎鏋愬紩璜栨柊绶ㄣ€嬬瓑銆�

銆€銆€2.Carl Jung锛氬崱鐖�?姒牸锛岀憺澹憲鍚嶇簿绁炲垎鏋愯€佸斧锛屽垎鏋愬績鐞嗗(xu茅)鐨勫壍(chu脿ng)濮嬩汉銆�

銆€銆€3.For example, the people in men鈥檚 dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women鈥檚 dreams.渚嬪锛屽湪鐢锋€уあ(m猫ng)澧冧腑鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐨勯€氬父鏄叾浠栫敺鎬ц€屼笖甯歌垏鎵撴枟鏈夐棞(gu膩n)锛岃€屽コ鎬х殑澶�(m猫ng)澧冨墖涓嶆槸閫欐ǎ銆�

銆€銆€绶寸繏(x铆)锛�

銆€銆€1.Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful.