2014年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)教材閱讀判斷文章及譯文15

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　　衛(wèi)生類-閱讀判斷　

　　Beyond the Pap

　　Scientists have known for some time that virtually all cases of cervical cancer are triggered by a family of viruses called human papillomavirus, or HPV. Most women who become ineffected with HPV are able to shake off the virus and suffer no apparent long-term consequences to their health. But a few women develop a persistent infection that can, for reasons that are not entirely clear, eventually lead to cancerous changes in the cervix.

　　Now researchers at the Digene Corp of Beltsville, Maryland, have developed a test that detects an active HPV infection by looking for its genetic byproducts in the vagina. The HPV test was better than the standard Pap test at finding cervical cancer at any stage, according to two studies published this month in the Journal of the American Medical Association. So far, so good. Unfortunately, the test's false-positive rate―how often it indicated that there was a problem when none existed was almost twice as high as that for the Pap smear. In these cases, a biopsy of the woman’s cervix showed no sign of disease.

　　And that’s the crux of the problem. How many women should undergo what is, when it comes right down to it, unnecessary treatment to find a few more cases of cervical cancer? Shouldn’t health officials focus instead on making sure that more women undergo regular Pap-smear examinations? After all, Pap smears, though far from perfect, have helped dramatically lower the death toll from cervical cancer taking it from the No. 1 cause of death due to cancer in American women to the 10th.

　　Complicating matters is the fact that HPV is a very common infection. In some parts of the U.S. as many as half of all women under age 35 have an active case. Yet 99 out of 100 women who are HPV-positive will never get cervical cancer, estimates Dr. Joanna Cain, vice president of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. “If those 99 women live their lives as if they’re going to develop cancer”, she says, “we’re not necessarily doing them any good.”

　　At present, the HPV test is approved in the U. S. only to help resolve ambiguous results from a Pap-Smear test. Many gynecologists believe that HPV will eventually replace the pap. But they’re not willing to abandon it without a lot more detailed information and neither should you.

　　詞匯：

　　cervical 頸的;子宮頸的 trigger 發(fā)動(dòng)，引起;促使

　　papillomavirus 乳頭狀瘤病毒 cancerous生癌的;患癌的;像癌的

　　cervix 器官的頸部 byproduct 附帶產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果;副產(chǎn)品

　　vagina 陰道 Pap smear，Pap test 尼科拉烏試驗(yàn)，巴氏試驗(yàn)

　　smear(顯微鏡的)涂片;污跡，污斑;誹謗，詆毀

　　biopsy 活組織檢查;(為檢查和診斷而作的)活組織切除

　　obstetrician 產(chǎn)科醫(yī)師 gynecologist 婦科學(xué)家

　　ambiguous 含糊不清的;不明確的;難以理解(或區(qū)分)的

　　注釋：

　　1.Scientists have known for some time that virtually all cases of cervical cancer are triggered by a family of viruses called human papillomavirus, or HPV.一段時(shí)間以來，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)知道幾乎所有子宮頸癌的病例都是由一組人類乳頭狀瘤病毒或HPV印發(fā)的。

　　2.Unfortunately, the test's false-positive rate―how often it indicated that there was a problem when none existed was almost twice as high as that for the Pap smear. 不幸的是，該檢驗(yàn)的假陽性率，即其顯示有問題而實(shí)際上并無問題的概率，幾乎是巴氏涂片假陽性率的兩倍。

　　3.How many women should undergo what is, when it comes right down to it, unnecessary treatment to find a few more cases of cervical cancer? 只是為了再多發(fā)現(xiàn)幾例子宮頸癌病例，多少婦女應(yīng)該接受那種說到底并不必要的治療呢?

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. The cause of cervical cancer was discovered by American scientists some time ago.