2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│闁辫畝鐞嗚В妯℃摤椤�

銆€銆€鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍″弸鎯呮彁绀猴細濡傛灉鎮ㄥ湪姝ら亷绋嬩腑閬囧埌浠讳綍鐤戝晱锛岃珛(q菒ng)鐧婚寗鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍�鑱风ū鑻辫獮闋婚亾鍙�璜栧锛屾垜鍊戦毃鏅�(sh铆)鑸囧唬澶ц€冪敓鏈嬪弸鍊戜竴璧蜂氦娴�!

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銆€銆€When IBM announced an overhaul of its pension plan for employees in America last week, it joined a parade of employers that are shifting more responsibility for saving for retirement on to workers. For many Americans, of course, this is nothing new: millions of them have been managing their retirement assets in individual accounts for years. Nevertheless, in both America and Britain the closure of paternalistic(瀹堕暦(zh菐ng)寮忎綔棰�(f膿ng)鐨勶紝鎰熸儏涓荤京鐨�) corporate "defined benefit" programmes, in which pensions depend on earnings and years of service, is accelerating—even at healthy companies such as IBM.

銆€銆€To the extent that this creates and encourages individual choice and responsibility, it is something to welcome rather than to fear. Many other countries, facing huge state—pension obligations, would also like to see their citizens assume a bigger role in providing for their own retirement. Even so, the trend raises an important question: how much do people due to take on these new responsibilities know about basic financial concepts?

銆€銆€The answer seems to be; not much, and less than they think they do. Studies show that many people overestimate their knowledge of everything from inflation to risk diversification and compound interest. One survey in Australia found that 37% of people who owned investments did not know that they could fluctuate in value. In America 31% did not know that the finance charge on a credit-card-statement is what they pay to use credit. Britain’s Financial Services Authority will release the results of its own survey on financial literacy in the next month or two.

銆€銆€Even educated professionals may know the basics but see no need to keep up to date—having no idea of the interest rates on their credit cards, the fees on their mutual funds or how their investments are doing. But in both America and Britain low personal saving rates (negative in America, indeed) and record numbers of personal bankruptcies do not bode well. If people are to take charge of their pensions, shouldn’t they know a little more?

銆€銆€In the end, ignorance could rebound on governments: if people save too little for old age, the state may have to provide for them willy-nilly(涓嶇鎰挎剰鑸囧惁). "Governments are taking this very seriously." says Barbara Smith of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, which recently produced a report on global financial literacy.Just this week the British govern- ment launched an online debt calculator for overstretched consumers and a money-management course for teenagers that will be offered in schools across the country later this year. New Zealand is another country trying to catch its people young; one official financial—information website there includes an online game on "Money Island".

銆€銆€1. It is informed in the text that__________.

銆€銆€A. IBM cannot help but overhaul its pension plan

銆€銆€B. IBM takes much responsibility for saving for retirement

銆€銆€C. workers will assume more financial responsibility for their old age

銆€銆€D. most Americans have taken on responsibility for saving for retirement

銆€銆€2. Corporate "defined benefit" programmes will come to an end primarily because________.

銆€銆€A. most companies are not so healthy as IBM

銆€銆€B. it can help companies relieve their pension obligations

銆€銆€C. millions of Americans have opened their individual accounts for years

銆€銆€D. more factors should be taken into consideration for a healthy pension plan

銆€銆€3. If one is to assume more financial responsibility, he should have more knowledge about_____.

銆€銆€A. risk diversification

銆€銆€B. basic financial concepts

銆€銆€C. how much he pays to use credit

銆€銆€D. the fluctuation in value of his investment

銆€銆€4. It can be inferred from the text that________.

銆€銆€A. even professionals are short of financial information

銆€銆€B. personal saving rates will no doubt increase remarkably

銆€銆€C. professionals are usually better prepared for their retirement

銆€銆€D. there will be less personal bankruptcies in both America and Britain

銆€銆€5. The main idea of this text is that_________.

銆€銆€A. most people are very ignorant about investment

銆€銆€B. individuals should have more choices and responsibility

銆€銆€C. individuals should be better prepared for their retirement

銆€銆€D. government should provide official financial-information

銆€銆€鍙冭€冪瓟妗堬細C B B A C

銆€銆€銆愭憳瑕併€戠挵(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍★細2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鍚勫湴鍗€(q奴)宸茬稉(j墨ng)闁嬪鍫�(b脿o)鍚�锛岀洰鍓嶅倷鑰�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鐨勮€冪敓涔熷湪寰簭婕搁€�(j矛n)鐨勫京(f霉)缈�(x铆)涓�銆傚皪(du矛)姝�锛岀挵(hu谩n)鐞冨皬绶ㄦ暣鐞嗕簡銆�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│<缍滃悎椤濧>闁辫畝鐞嗚В妯℃摤椤屻€�锛屽笇鏈涘倷鑰�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鐨勮€冪敓閮借兘闋嗗埄閫氶棞(gu膩n)銆�

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銆€銆€Lead Pollution

銆€銆€Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.

銆€銆€A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (鍖楁サ鐨�) snow were declining.

銆€銆€In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (鍗€(q奴)鍒�) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.

銆€銆€In a study published in the journal Ambio(浜洪鐠�(hu谩n)澧冮洔蹇�), scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.

銆€銆€Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.

銆€銆€The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.

銆€銆€Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (鐢熸厠(t脿i)绯荤当(t菕ng)) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.

銆€銆€1.The study published in the journal Nature indicates that

銆€銆€A.the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow.

銆€銆€B.the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results.

銆€銆€C.lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected.

銆€銆€D.lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase.

銆€銆€姝ｇ⒑绛旀:A

銆€銆€瑙ｆ瀽:鍟忛鍟忕殑鏄細鑷劧闆滃織涓婂垔鐧荤殑鐮旂┒琛ㄦ槑浠€涔�?绗簩娈甸枊闋彁鍒拌嚜鐒堕洔蹇椾笂鍒婄櫥鐨勭爺绌惰〃鏄庡緸鐢�(ch菐n)鑷編鍦嬮€氶亷绌烘埃鍌虫挱鐨勫惈閴涙埃楂旀帓鏀炬槸灏�(d菐o)鑷存牸闄佃槶闆湴涓墰婵冨害楂樼殑涓昏鍘熷洜銆傝€屾牸闄佃槶灏辨槸浣嶄簬鍖楁サ鍦堝収(n猫i)銆傚洜姝姝ｇ⒑锛岀編鍦嬫槸鍖楁サ闆腑閴涙薄鏌撶殑涓昏渚嗘簮銆�

銆€銆€2.Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US

銆€銆€A.was discouraged.

銆€銆€B.was prohibited by law.

銆€銆€C.was enforced by law.

銆€銆€D.was introduced.

銆€銆€姝ｇ⒑绛旀:C

銆€銆€瑙ｆ瀽:缇庡湅娉曞緥寮�(qi谩ng)鍒朵娇鐢ㄧ劇閴涙苯娌瑰悗锛屼笘鐣岃寖鍦嶇殑閴涢噾灞⿳绱噺鏄庨’娓涘皯浜�銆傜涓€娈垫渶鍚庝竴鍙ヨ┍鏀寔閫欎竴瑾硶锛屾敞鎰�锛屾枃涓殑“mandated”鑸嘋閬搁爡(xi脿ng)涓殑“enforced”鎰忔€濈浉鍚�锛岄兘鏄�“寮�(qi谩ng)鍒�”鐨勬剰鎬�銆�

銆€銆€3.How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland

銆€銆€A.By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.

銆€銆€B.By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.

銆€銆€C.By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.

銆€銆€D.By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.

銆€銆€姝ｇ⒑绛旀:B

銆€銆€瑙ｆ瀽:鍟忛鍟忕殑鏄細绉戝(xu茅)瀹舵槸鎬庢ǎ鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鏍奸櫟铇殑閴涙薄鏌撲締婧愮殑?绗笁娈垫彁鍒扮瀛�(xu茅)瀹剁櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)缇庡湅姹芥补涓殑鍚勭ó閴涢噾灞瘮閲嶄笉鍚屼簬姝愭床锛屼簽娲插拰鍔犳嬁澶х殑銆傞€氶亷姣旇純閫欎簺閴涙瘮鐨勪笉鍚屽垽鏂峰嚭鏍奸櫟铇洩涓墰姹℃煋涓昏渚嗚嚜缇庡湅銆傚洜姝姝ｇ⒑銆�

銆€銆€4.The authors of the Ambio study have found that

銆€銆€A.forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected.

銆€銆€B.lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US.

銆€銆€C.lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with.

銆€銆€D.the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions.

銆€銆€姝ｇ⒑绛旀:A

銆€銆€瑙ｆ瀽:鍟忛鍟忕殑鏄細浜洪鐠�(hu谩n)澧冮洔蹇楃爺绌剁殑浣滆€呯櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗕粈涔�?鍊掓暩(sh霉)绗簩娈电祼(ji茅)灏炬彁鍒版．鏋楃挵(hu谩n)澧冭檿鐞嗛墰鐨勯€熷害涔嬪揩瓒呭嚭绉戝(xu茅)瀹跺€戠殑闋�(y霉)鏈熴€傚洜姝姝ｇ⒑銆�

銆€銆€5.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists

銆€銆€A.feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline.

銆€銆€B.are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution.

銆€銆€C.lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution.

銆€銆€D.still consider lead pollution a problem.

銆€銆€姝ｇ⒑绛旀:D

銆€銆€瑙ｆ瀽:鍟忛鍟忕殑鏄細閫氶亷鏈€鍚庝竴娈佃兘鎺ㄦ脯(c猫)鍑轰粈涔�?鏈€鍚庝竴娈垫彁鍒颁簡鍏╅爡(xi脿ng)鐮旂┒瑾槑浜嗘煇浜涚敓鎱�(t脿i)绯荤当(t菕ng)灏�(du矛)澶ф埃姹℃煋鐨勬笡灏戠郸鍑轰簡蹇€熺殑鍥炴噳(y墨ng)锛屼絾鏄€欏苟涓嶈兘浣滅偤閫�(j矛n)涓€姝ョ殑姹℃煋琛岀偤鐨勮ū鍙瓑銆傚洜姝姝ｇ⒑锛岀瀛�(xu茅)瀹跺€�?n猫i)鍖€寰絁(r猫n)鐐洪墰姹℃煋鏄€�(g猫)鍟忛銆�

銆€銆€銆愭憳瑕併€戠挵(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍★細2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鍚勫湴鍗€(q奴)宸茬稉(j墨ng)闁嬪鍫�(b脿o)鍚�锛岀洰鍓嶅倷鑰�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鐨勮€冪敓涔熷湪寰簭婕搁€�(j矛n)鐨勫京(f霉)缈�(x铆)涓�銆傚皪(du矛)姝わ紝鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冨皬绶ㄦ暣鐞嗕簡銆�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│<缍滃悎椤濧>闁辫畝鐞嗚В妯℃摤椤屻€�锛屽笇鏈涘倷鑰�2016骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炶€冭│鐨勮€冪敓閮借兘闋嗗埄閫氶棞(gu膩n)銆�

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銆€銆€Owering the Risk of Heart Disease

銆€銆€Like millions of other Americans, I come from a family with a history of the heart disease. My father had his first three heart attacks when he was only thirty-one. I was three years old at that time. I grew up with heart disease. It was there, but I didn’t take it seriously.

銆€銆€When I was thirty-one, my blood cholesterol(鑶藉浐閱�)level was measured for the first time. It was 311 mg/dl, the doctor told me an extremely high level that put me at a very high risk of heart disease, especially with my family history. He sent me to the National Institutes of Health(NIH)to be screened for participation in a clinical trial. The trial was designed to test the effect of lowering blood cholesterol on the risk of heart disease.

銆€銆€At NIH, physicians explained the degree of risk associated with my blood cholesterol level and the nature of the experiment. This test involves putting a tube through a leg artery(鍕�(d貌ng)鑴�) up to the heart. The death rate for the test was only 1 in 100, I was assured.

銆€銆€Learning about the risks of the experiment as well as the risk associated with my raised blood cholesterol level scared the life out of me. Although I was excluded from participating in the study, the experience may well have saved my life.

銆€銆€For the first time, I began to realize the seriousness of high blood cholesterol. It was a heart attack just waiting to happen. But equally important, I got a taste of what it is like to be a patient, to have tests done on me and to think of myself as sick. This was hard to take.

銆€銆€This experience taught me two lifesaving lessons. First, although I felt fit and strong, I was actually at high risk for heart disease because of my high blood cholesterol level. And with my family history, it could not be ignored. Second, I could lower my blood cholesterol level simply by changing what I ate.

銆€銆€36.The writer had heart disease because

銆€銆€A.he was hurt when he was young.

銆€銆€B.his father had heart disease.

銆€銆€C.he didn’t know how to take care of himself.

銆€銆€D.he suffered another serious disease.

銆€銆€姝ｇ⒑绛旀:B

銆€銆€瑙ｆ瀽:鍟忛鍟忕殑鏄細浣滆€呯偤浠€涔堟偅鏈夊績鑷熺柧鐥�?鏍规摎(j霉)绗竴娈礗 come from a family with a history of the heart disease. 鍙煡浣滆€呯殑蹇冭嚐鐥呮槸閬哄偝鐨�锛屾墍浠ラ伕B銆�.

銆€銆€37.Which of the following statements is NOT true

銆€銆€A.The write had never measured his blood cholesterol before thirty-one.

銆€銆€B.The writer was told by the doctor that he was at high risk of heart disease.

銆€銆€C.The writer had a family history of heart disease.

銆€銆€D.The writer was at risk of heart disease just because of his family history.

銆€銆€姝ｇ⒑绛旀:D

銆€銆€瑙ｆ瀽:鍟忛鍟忕殑鏄細浠ヤ笅瑾硶鍝€�(g猫)鏄笉姝ｇ⒑鐨�?A瑾綔鑰呭湪31姝蹭箣鍓嶆矑鏈夋脯(c猫)閲忛亷琛€娑蹭腑鐨勮喗鍥洪唶鍚噺锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)绗簩娈电殑绗竴鍙ュ彲鐭ヨ┎閬搁爡(xi脿ng)鏄纰虹殑銆侭瑾啱(y墨)鐢熻浣滆€呮偅蹇冭嚐鐤剧梾鐨勯ⅷ(f膿ng)闅�(xi菐n)寰堥珮锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)绗簩娈电殑绗簩鍙ュ彲鐭ヨ┎閬搁爡(xi脿ng)鏄纰虹殑銆侰瑾綔鑰呯殑蹇冭嚐鐤剧梾鏈夊鏃忓彶锛岀涓€娈靛凡缍�(j墨ng)瑾槑浜嗛€欏€�(g猫)浜嬪(sh铆)锛屾墍浠ユ槸姝ｇ⒑鐨�銆侱瑾綔鑰呮偅蹇冭嚐鐥呯殑棰�(f膿ng)闅�(xi菐n)寰堥珮鍍呭儏鏄洜?y脿n)姒ф槗杩ㄧ綒顑篅鍊�(g猫)鍒ゆ柗鏄尟(cu貌)瑾ょ殑锛屽洜?y脿n)姒堣瘷顟借敋鐗¤瘷顠呮懂宀樁楂″彥闅绢€辫蹇冩嚌妾€宸鳖儨鎵涘悊鍥炬槗杩ㄧ獙?hu矛)灏�(d菐o)鑷村叾鎮ｄ笂蹇冭嚐鐤剧梾銆�

銆€銆€38.What did the doctor ask the wrier to do

銆€銆€A.To go to the National Institutes of Health to participate in clinical trial.

銆€銆€B.To put a tube through a leg artery up to the heart.

銆€銆€C.To go to bed on time every day.

銆€銆€D.To eat less and do exercises every day.

銆€銆€姝ｇ⒑绛旀:A

銆€銆€瑙ｆ瀽:鍟忛鍟忕殑鏄細閱�(y墨)鐢熻畵浣滆€呭幓鍋氫粈涔�?鏍规摎(j霉)绗簩娈礖e sent me to the National Institutes of Health(NIH)to be screened for participation in a clinical trial. 鍙煡A鏄瓟妗堛€�

銆€銆€39.What did the writer know from his experience

銆€銆€A.He should never participate in such a fatal clinical trial.

銆€銆€B.He was at high risk of heart disease although he was fit and strong.

銆€銆€C.He was doomed to have heart disease because of his family history.

銆€銆€D.Nothing could help him out the trouble except for participating in the trial.

銆€銆€姝ｇ⒑绛旀:B

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銆€銆€40.How could the writer lower his blood cholesterol level

銆€銆€A.By eating less .

銆€銆€B.By realizing the risk of heart disease.

銆€銆€C.By putting a tube through a leg artery up to the heart.

銆€銆€D.By changing diet.

銆€銆€姝ｇ⒑绛旀:D

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