2016年職稱英語考試《綜合類》補(bǔ)全短文階段練習(xí)

　　【摘要】環(huán)球網(wǎng)校：2016年職稱英語考試各地區(qū)已經(jīng)開始報(bào)名，目前備考2016年職稱英語考試的考生也在循序漸進(jìn)的復(fù)習(xí)中。對此，環(huán)球小編整理了《2016年職稱英語考試<綜合類>補(bǔ)全短文階段練習(xí)》，希望備考2016年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關(guān)。

　　相關(guān)推薦：職稱英語綜合類補(bǔ)全短文考試模擬題匯總

　　More Efforts Urged to Empower Women at AIDS Conference

　　Prevention is a central issue being discussed at the sixteenth International AIDS Conference in Toronto,Canada.Twenty-four thousand delegates are at the conference which ends Friday.

　　Bill and Melinda Gates2 called for3 faster research to,develop preventions like microbicidest for women to use when they have sex.___1___Melinda Gates said the way to "change this epidemic" is to put power in the hands of women5.In southern Africa,for example,about sixty percent of adults living with HIV6;are women.Bill Gates said women today often have no choice but to depend on men not to infect them."A woman should never need her partner's permission to save her own life," he said as the conference opened Sunday.___2___

　　On Monday,former President Bill Clinton said more people would get tested for HIV if an aggressive effort took place to fight the stigma.But reducing fears of social rejection is not enough.___3___

　　Researchers at the conference presented the results of a new study of HIV testing.It involved more than one hundred thousand people tested in California last year.Some received a quick test,with results in about twenty minutes.The others received a test that is more commonly used;the result takes two weeks.The researchers say twenty-five percent of the people who had the longer test did not return to learn the results.___4___George Lemp of the University of California led the study.He says quick tests could be especially important in developing countries with limited transportation.

　　Speakers at the AIDS conference also discussed high rates of new HIV infections among black Americans.Julian Bond is chairman of the NAACP7,a leading civil rights group.

　　___5___Public health officials say half of all new HIV infections in the United States are in blacks.African-American delegates at the conference said they will prepare a five-year plan to reduce infection rates and increase testing.

　　A .The chairman said African-Americans must,in his words,"face the fact that AIDS has become a black disease."

　　B.Mr.Clinton said people also need a guarantee they would get medicine to suppress the virus.

　　C.Delegates at the conference have worked out an action plan to fight the wide spread of this terrible disease all over the world.

　　D.They hoped that such products could protect against infection with the virus that causes AIDS.

　　E.The world's richest man said "stopping AIDS"is the top priority of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

　　F.But that was true of only two percent of those who had the quick test.

　　參考答案：D E B F A

　　答案解析：

　　1.D 整個第二段都是有關(guān)比爾?蓋茨夫婦的。第一句說,比爾?蓋茨夫婦要求加快研究,研發(fā)一些能殺死微生物的預(yù)防制劑提供給婦女性交時(shí)使用。第三句以后則分別列出比爾?蓋茨夫婦所說的話。那么D項(xiàng)所說的"他們希望這些產(chǎn)品可以預(yù)防引起艾滋病的病毒感染"5E好與第一句相銜接,況且全篇文章還沒有第二個地方提到兩個人以上可以用代詞they來代替的,所以D項(xiàng)是正確答案。

　　2.E 本空白處的前面兩句話分別用間接引語和直接引語介紹比爾?蓋茨所說的話,選項(xiàng)E仍是介紹比爾?蓋茨講話的內(nèi)容,所以填在這里是恰當(dāng)?shù)摹１具x項(xiàng)中所說的the world's richestman正是比爾?蓋茨,他是全球首富。

　　3.B 本段前兩句介紹的是美岡前總統(tǒng)比爾?克林頓的講話,選項(xiàng)B仍是克林頓講話的內(nèi)容,況且文章其他地方都沒有提到克林頓,因此填在這里是最恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>

　　4.F 本空白處前面說到,做HIV檢驗(yàn)有兩種方法：新的快速方法只需大約20分鐘,而另一種常用的慢。速方法則需兩周。研究人員說,做慢速檢驗(yàn)的人中有25%沒有回來看檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果,而選項(xiàng)F則說"做快速檢驗(yàn)的人中不回來看結(jié)果的則只有25%",作為快慢速檢驗(yàn)方法的對比,填在此處是最恰當(dāng)不過的了。

　　5.A 本空白處前一句介紹了Julian Bond是重要的民權(quán)機(jī)構(gòu)NAACP的主席,而選項(xiàng)A說,"他說,非裔美國人‘應(yīng)該面對艾滋病已經(jīng)變成黑人病這個事實(shí)’。"文章中沒有第二個地方提到chairman這個詞,而選項(xiàng)A一開頭就提到The chairman said…,可見此處答案非它莫屬了。

　　2016年職稱英語考試“綜合類”閱讀理解考點(diǎn)詞匯匯總

　　2016職稱英語《衛(wèi)生類》語法考點(diǎn)匯總

　　【備考經(jīng)驗(yàn)】2016年職稱英語詞匯記憶技巧匯總

　　2016年職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ愝o導(dǎo)資料匯總

　　環(huán)球網(wǎng)校友情提示：如果您在此過程中遇到任何疑問，請登錄環(huán)球網(wǎng)校職稱英語頻道及論壇，我們隨時(shí)與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!

　　【摘要】環(huán)球網(wǎng)校：2016年職稱英語考試各地區(qū)已經(jīng)開始報(bào)名，目前備考2016年職稱英語考試的考生也在循序漸進(jìn)的復(fù)習(xí)中。對此，環(huán)球小編整理了《2016年職稱英語考試<綜合類>補(bǔ)全短文階段練習(xí)》，希望備考2016年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關(guān)。

　　相關(guān)推薦：職稱英語綜合類補(bǔ)全短文考試模擬題匯總

　　Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills

　　American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation.They found that developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak.The scientists believe that1 could help children with learning disabilities.

　　1.She says musical training involves putting together different kinds of information,such as hearing music,looking at musical notes,touching an instrument and watching other musicians.This process is not much different from learning how to speak.2.

　　The further explains musical training and learning to speak each make us think about what we are doing2.She says speech and music pass through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem.3 .Until recently,experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed.But Professor Kranss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.

　　The study involved individuals with different levels of musical ability.They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures brain activity.The Individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument —— the cello.4 .The study found that the more years of training people had,the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of the music3.Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the improvement of sensory events was the strongest.5 She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they hear sentences and understand facial expressions better.

　　詞匯：

　　retardation n.滯后 cello n.大提琴

　　note n.音符 rhythm n.節(jié)奏

　　electrode n.電極 sensory adj.知覺的，感官的

　　注釋：

　　1.scientists believe that could help children with learning disabilities：科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，音樂訓(xùn)練、對學(xué)習(xí)上有障礙的兒童有幫助。that是從句“that could help children with learning disabilities”中的主語。that指代上一句的developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak.with learning disabilities是定語，修飾children.

　　2.musical training and learning to speak each make US think about what we are doin9：音樂訓(xùn)練和學(xué)習(xí)說話這兩者都使我們思考我們正在所做的事。each指musical trainin9和learning to speak中的任何一個。句子的主語是musical training and learning to speak，所以，謂語動詞是復(fù)數(shù)的。

　　3.the more years of training people had，the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of the music：人們接受音樂訓(xùn)練的年份越長，其對音樂聲音和節(jié)奏的敏感性也越高。people是前半旬中的主語。

　　練習(xí)：

　　A Both involve different senses.

　　B Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist (~E~：~) at Northwestern University in Illinois.

　　C Some disabled children attended~ the musical training Class.

　　D It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities.

　　E Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech.

　　F The brain stem controls our ability to hear.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.B “空l”后面的句子的主語是代詞she，說明“空l”的句子中有一個女性的名字。選項(xiàng)B有Nina Kraus(Nina“尼娜”是女性名字)，句子的內(nèi)容是介紹Nina Kraus，與后面句子的意思配得上。B是答案。

　　2.A 本段的第二、三句說，音樂訓(xùn)練和學(xué)習(xí)這兩件事沒有什么很大的不同。選項(xiàng)A的“Both involve different senses”解釋了為什么這么說，因?yàn)閮烧叨忌婕安煌母泄?，也就是上文所列舉的“hearing music”(耳聽)，“looking at musical notes/watching other musicians”(眼看)，“touching an instrument”(手觸)等。

　　3.F 在六個選項(xiàng)中，選項(xiàng)F的句子中出現(xiàn)特指的the brain stem，說明前文已出現(xiàn)過這個詞語。這是篇章寫作中常用的詞匯連接方式。從意義上看，選項(xiàng)F的句子是解釋上文提到的brain stem的功能。上下文意思連貫，所以是答案。

　　4.E 同上面第三題的解釋一樣，選項(xiàng)E的句子中出現(xiàn)特指的the cellos，與上一句的cello相呼應(yīng)，該句說明科學(xué)家為什么要選擇大提琴作為音樂訓(xùn)練的樂器，上下文意思連貫，所以E是答案。 ，

　　5.D 最后一段介紹音樂訓(xùn)練的方法和結(jié)果，以及對學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)聯(lián)和影響。選項(xiàng)D表達(dá)的意思是音樂訓(xùn)練的結(jié)果和對學(xué)習(xí)上有障礙的兒童所產(chǎn)生的正面影響，意思與其前后兩句的意思完全配合，D是答案。

　　2016年職稱英語考試“綜合類”閱讀理解考點(diǎn)詞匯匯總

　　2016職稱英語《衛(wèi)生類》語法考點(diǎn)匯總

　　【備考經(jīng)驗(yàn)】2016年職稱英語詞匯記憶技巧匯總

　　2016年職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ愝o導(dǎo)資料匯總

　　環(huán)球網(wǎng)校友情提示：如果您在此過程中遇到任何疑問，請登錄環(huán)球網(wǎng)校職稱英語頻道及論壇，我們隨時(shí)與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!

　　【摘要】環(huán)球網(wǎng)校：2016年職稱英語考試各地區(qū)已經(jīng)開始報(bào)名，目前備考2016年職稱英語考試的考生也在循序漸進(jìn)的復(fù)習(xí)中。對此，環(huán)球小編整理了《2016年職稱英語考試<綜合類>補(bǔ)全短文階段練習(xí)》，希望備考2016年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關(guān)。

　　相關(guān)推薦：職稱英語綜合類補(bǔ)全短文考試模擬題匯總

　　1 A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains,called maglev trains. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation 1 ,which means that these trains float over a guide way using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains.

　　2 If you've ever played with magnets,you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other2. This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects,but the magnetic pull is temporary. You can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA-cell battery3. This creates a small magnetic field. If you disconnect either end of the wire from the battery,the magnetic field is taken away.

　　3 The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system. There are three components to this system： A large electrical power source,metal coils lining a guide way or track,and large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train.

　　4 The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine —— at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks4. The engine for maglev trains is rather innoticeable. Instead of using fossil fuels,the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combines to propel the trains5.

　　5 The magnetized coil running along the track,called a guideway,repels the large magnets on the train's undercarriage,allowing the train to levitate between 1 to 10 cm above the guideway. Once the train is levitated,power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push~ th train along the guideway. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward,while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust.

　　6 Maglev trains float on a cushion of air',eliminating friction. This lack of friction allows these trains to reach unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than 500 kph,or twice as fast as the fastest conventional train. At 500 kph,you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours.

　　詞匯：

　　Levitate v. 懸浮 electrified v. 使帶電

　　Levitation n. 懸浮 magnetize v. 使帶磁

　　guideway n. 導(dǎo)向槽 line v.排列成行

　　propelb vt. 推進(jìn) underside n.下側(cè)，下面

　　propulsion n. 推進(jìn) undercarriage n. 車盤

　　注釋：

　　1. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation ：maglev 是 magnetic levitation 的縮略詞。

　　2. opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other： 異極相吸，同極相斥

　　3. AA-cell battery：5號電池

　　4. at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks： 至少不是沿著軌道拉動典型的火車車廂的那種發(fā)動機(jī)。

　　5. the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combine to propel the train： 由嵌入導(dǎo)向壁內(nèi)的電磁線圈產(chǎn)生的磁場加上軌道，一起推動火車前進(jìn)。The magnetic field 和 the track 是句子主語，created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls 是過去分詞短語，用作定語，修飾the magnetic field.

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. Paragraph 3

　　2. Paragraph 4

　　3. Paragraph 5

　　A The Main Components of the Maglev Train System

　　B High-speed Maglev due to Zero Friction

　　C The Working Principle of the Maglev Train

　　D Differences between Polarity and Magnetic Field

　　E Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional Ones

　　F Maglev with a Powerful Motor

　　4. Paragraph 6

　　5. Several countries in the world are using strong electromagnets

　　6. You can connect a wire to the positive and negative ends of a battery .

　　7. A unique system of magnetic fields is created by the coils

　　8. The frictionless maglev train enables you

　　A to develop a maglev train rail system

　　B To explain why maglev trains are faster

　　C to pull and push the train forward

　　D to create a magnetic field

　　E to experiment with the maglev train

　　F to travel from Paris to Rome in about two hours

　　答案與題解：

　　1. 第三段了舉了磁浮列車的三個組成部分，動力源、金屬線圈和此貼。選項(xiàng)A 概括了第三段列的內(nèi)容。

　　2. E 第四段就磁浮列車和傳統(tǒng)火車進(jìn)行了比較：磁浮列車沒有發(fā)動機(jī)而傳統(tǒng)火車有發(fā)動機(jī)。選項(xiàng)C用comparsion 來概括是準(zhǔn)確的。

　　3. C 第五段比較詳細(xì)的介紹了為什么磁浮列車會向前運(yùn)動，也就揭示了磁浮列車的工作原理。

　　4. B 在第五段解釋了磁浮列車浮起和向前運(yùn)動的原理之后，作者在第六段中進(jìn)行了磁浮列車速度奇快的原因：去除了傳統(tǒng)火車的車輪于鐵軌的摩擦。

　　5. A 選A 的依據(jù)是本文第一段第一句：A few countries using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains,called maglev trains.

　　6.D第二段說，把電線與干電池相連接就能產(chǎn)生一個小磁場，而磁浮列車的運(yùn)動原理與此相同。第二段第四句是選擇D的依據(jù)。

　　7. C第五段的第二句，即“0nce the train is levitated，power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guideway”，是選擇c的依據(jù)。

　　8.F本文最后一句舉出坐上時(shí)速500公里的磁浮列車從巴黎到羅馬只需約2小時(shí)這個例子來說明磁浮列車速度之快。

　　2016年職稱英語考試“綜合類”閱讀理解考點(diǎn)詞匯匯總

　　2016職稱英語《衛(wèi)生類》語法考點(diǎn)匯總

　　【備考經(jīng)驗(yàn)】2016年職稱英語詞匯記憶技巧匯總

　　2016年職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ愝o導(dǎo)資料匯總

　　環(huán)球網(wǎng)校友情提示：如果您在此過程中遇到任何疑問，請登錄環(huán)球網(wǎng)校職稱英語頻道及論壇，我們隨時(shí)與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!

　　【摘要】環(huán)球網(wǎng)校：2016年職稱英語考試各地區(qū)已經(jīng)開始報(bào)名，目前備考2016年職稱英語考試的考生也在循序漸進(jìn)的復(fù)習(xí)中。對此，環(huán)球小編整理了《2016年職稱英語考試<綜合類>補(bǔ)全短文階段練習(xí)》，希望備考2016年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關(guān)。

　　相關(guān)推薦：職稱英語綜合類補(bǔ)全短文考試模擬題匯總

　　Avalanche and Its Safety

　　An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow,often mixed with air and water,down a mountainside.Avalanches are 1 the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.

　　All avalanches are caused by an over=burden of material,typically snowpack,that is too massive and unstable for the slope 2 supports it.Determining the critical load,the amount of over-burden which is 3 to cause an avalanche,4 a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.

　　Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low5 of avalanche.Snow does not6 significantly on steep slopes;also,snow does not7 easily on fiat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest 1is 8 35 and 45 degrees;the critical angle,the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest,is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb2 is:A slope that is 9 enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche,regardless of the angle.Additionally3,avalanche risk increases with 10 ;that is,the more a slope is disturbed by skiers,the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.

　　Due to the complexity of the subject,winter travelling in the backcountry4 is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous 11 ,including route selection and examination to the snowpack,weather 12 ,and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also 13 the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports,they should be considered and all warnings should be paid 14 to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are 15 or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.

　　詞匯：

　　avalanche n.雪崩 trigger v.引起，激發(fā)

　　snowpack n.積雪場 incidence n.發(fā)生(率)

　　terrain n.地形，地勢 ski v.滑雪

　　steep adj.險(xiǎn)峻的，陡峭的 complexity n.復(fù)雜性

　　注釋：

　　1.angle of rest：這里指積雪保持靜止的角度。

　　2.rule of.thumb：指“a broadly accurate principle，based on experience or practice rather that theory”，即“通用法則，經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則”。

　　3.Additionally：是一個副詞，用來引人新的事實(shí)或論點(diǎn)，意為“此外”。

　　4.backcountry：人煙稀少的地區(qū)。

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.A among B of C to D in

　　2.A when B that C who D whose

　　3.A mostly B likely C clearly D surely

　　4.A are B will be C is D was

　　5.A weight B form C risk D work

　　6.A fall B flow C roll D gather

　　7.A fall B flow C roll D gather

　　8.A among B between C with D for

　　9.A thick B thin C flat D rocky

　　10.A use B time C snow D rain

　　11.A journey B trip C fact D process

　　12.A conditions B reports C forecast D event

　　13.A increase B reduce C improve D remove

　　14.A price B effort C attention D money

　　15.A missing B grown C big D fresh

　　答案與題解：

　　1.A表達(dá)“雪崩是山上可能發(fā)生的最大危險(xiǎn)之一”的意思，因此應(yīng)該選擇among(在……之中)。

　　2.B從該句的語法結(jié)構(gòu)上來看，此處需要一個關(guān)系代詞，代替slope，所以that是最佳選擇。選項(xiàng)A、C、D均不符合語法。

　　3.B選項(xiàng)A不符合語法，c和D符合語法，但不符合常識：過度的雪的積壓可能導(dǎo)致雪崩，而不是必定導(dǎo)致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。

　　4.C該句的主語是Determining the critical load，從上下文來看應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以C是正確答案。

　　5.C要確定本題答案的一個有效的方法是排除法。a.10w weight/form work of avalanche都不合邏輯，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解釋了low risk of avalanche的道理，更證實(shí)了選risk是正確的。

　　6.D第6和第7題可以一起考慮。整個句子的意思是：在坡度大的坡上，雪不會大量堆積。

　　在較為平坦的坡面，雪不會輕易滑動。

　　7.B(見6)

　　8.B理解了句子的意思就不難判斷選項(xiàng)：雪在靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)下，角度在35_45度之間，最可能發(fā)生人為觸發(fā)的雪崩。between：在……之間。

　　9.C這個句子說明的是什么樣的山坡最易發(fā)生雪崩，即，A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski.flat在此做“平坦”解，與后面的steep形成反義。

　　10.A句中的that is表明，后半部分是對前半部分的進(jìn)一步說明。所以，這里的選擇要根據(jù)下文的意思判斷。use是最佳選擇，整個句子的意思是：山坡被滑雪者使用的越多，雪崩就越可能發(fā)生。 、

　　11.D盡管選項(xiàng)A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，從全段的內(nèi)容判斷，只有process是最佳選擇，因?yàn)樵摱蚊鑼懙氖侨绾畏纻溲┍?，及如何做好安全措施等一系列問題。

　　12.A選項(xiàng)A、B、c都可以與weather搭配，但是根據(jù)上下文，只有A最為符合文章的內(nèi)容。

　　13.B選項(xiàng)A不符合句子的意思;c不能和risk搭配;D也不符合句子的意思，因?yàn)椴豢赡芡耆┍赖碾[患。

　　14.C該句主句使用的是被動語態(tài)，第二個動詞是pay attention t0的被動形式。l選項(xiàng)A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。

　　15.A該句是作者給出的一系列忠告之一，即，認(rèn)真觀察地形，注意明顯的雪崩路徑：沒有植物或植物被毀壞的地方。選項(xiàng)8、C、D均不符合句義。

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