新概念英語第二冊語法精粹：定語從句

知識要點：一、定語從句的概念在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom，所有格whose)等，關(guān)系副詞包括where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。三、定語從句的分類根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、關(guān)系代詞的用法1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)2.which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)3.who, whom用于指人，who用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)注意：(1)當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who, that, which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year. 這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。(3)that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常遠。(4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。b. 被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which。例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?c. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which。例如：

This is the same bike that I lost. 這就是我丟的那輛自行車。d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that， 而不用which。例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。e. 以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?f. 主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。(5)關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：a. 先行詞為that， those時，用which， 而不用that。例如：

What's that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?b. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that。例如：

This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。c. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用which， 而不用that。例如：

Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。五、關(guān)系副詞的用法

(1)when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。例如：

This was the time when he arrived. 這是他到達的時間。(2)where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中作地點狀語。例如：

This is place where he works. 這是他工作的地點。(3)why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。六、which 和 as在定語從句的非限制性定語中，which 和as 是容易混淆的。在很多情況下兩者兼可互換，但在下列情況中不可互換：(1)通常as 可以放在整句的句首，而which 只能在逗號之后，as 本身含有“正如”，as 在定語從句中既可是主語也可做賓語。

As appear from her paper, she has read widely in Romantic literature.

She is remarkable, as I have told you .(2)which 在做非限制性定語從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞時可以無明確先行詞，指前句整個的意思，如：She has married again, which surprises us.七、all that 和 what在定語從句中，許多人往往分不清all that 和what，what 實際上只引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，它相當(dāng)于all that 兩個字，例如：

All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.

= What I know is that he has...【專項訓(xùn)練】

1.Football ______ is a very interesting game , is played all over the world.

A.that B.which C.it D.who2.Is there anything else ______ you require?

A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place ______ we visited was the Great Wall.

A.which B.that C.where D.it4.He talked happily about the men and books ______ interested him greatly in the school.

A.which B.who C.it D.that5.The realway tunnel, through ______ the train goes, will be completed soon.

A.which B.that C.it D.whom6.His uncle works in a factory ______ bicycles are made.

A.that B.which C.where D.there7.There is no dictionary ______ you can find everything.

A.that B.which C.where D.in that8.Next month, ______ you’ll spend in your hometown is coming.

A.which B.that C.when D.where9.Next month, ______ you’ll be in your hometown is coming.

A.which B.that C.when D.where10.I often thought of my childhood, ______ I lived on a farm.

A.which B.where C.when D.who(后設(shè)答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)KEYS1 B 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 C