新概念雙語(yǔ)：喜愛苦味食物的人性格更陰暗

A particular liking for bitter-tasting foods and drinks such as coffee and tonic water could mean you have psychopathic tendencies。

對(duì)苦味的飲食——如咖啡和奎寧水——有特別偏愛的人很有可能具有心理變態(tài)的傾向。

Psychologists have found that those with a preference for bitter tastes were more likely to exhibit signs of Machiavellianism, sadism, and narcissism。

心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些偏愛苦澀口感的人，更易表現(xiàn)出馬基雅維利式的操縱狂、施虐傾向以及自戀傾向。

That is, they were more prone to being duplicitous and self-serving, cold-hearted and lacking in empathy, vain and selfish, and more likely to derive pleasure from other people's pain。

也就是說(shuō)，他們更加狡黠、以自我為中心、冷酷、缺乏同情心、自負(fù)又自私，喜歡將自己的快樂(lè)建立在他人的痛苦之上。

The findings of the study provide the 'first empirical evidence that bitter taste preferences are linked to malevolent personality traits,' said the researchers from Innsbruck University in Austria, who studied 1,000 people in two separate experiments。

奧地利因斯布魯克大學(xué)的研究者通過(guò)兩項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)1000人進(jìn)行了研究，研究結(jié)果表明“通過(guò)第一手的經(jīng)驗(yàn)資料，發(fā)現(xiàn)偏愛苦味的人與惡毒人格具有某種關(guān)聯(lián)”。

'The results suggest that how much people like bitter-tasting foods and drinks is stably tied to how dark their personality is.'

“結(jié)果顯示，人們對(duì)苦味飲食偏愛度越高，基本可以表明他們的性格越灰暗。”

Bitter foods include unsweetened cocoa, black coffee, radishes and the quinine in tonic water。

苦味食物包括無(wú)糖可可飲品、黑咖啡、小蘿卜和奎寧水。

For the first experiment, 500 men and women were shown a long list of foods with equal numbers of sweet, salty, sour and bitter foods. These included chocolate cake, bacon, vinegar and radishes。

在第一次試驗(yàn)中，將列有許多食物的清單展示給500名男女，清單上包括甜的、咸的、酸的和苦味的食品，每類食品數(shù)量相同，其中包括有巧克力蛋糕、培根、醋和小蘿卜。

They were asked to rate how much they liked each of them on a six-point scale ranging from dislike strongly to like strongly。

他們需要在一張由最不喜歡到最喜歡的六分量表上，評(píng)價(jià)自己對(duì)每一種食物的喜愛程度。

The participants, who had an average age of 35, then completed four separate personality questionnaires。

參與者的平均年齡為35歲，接下來(lái)他們要完成四種獨(dú)立人格的問(wèn)卷。

The first measured their levels of aggression by asking them to rate how much statements such as 'Given enough provocation, I may hit someone' sounded like them。

第一個(gè)層面是對(duì)人格侵略性的測(cè)量，通過(guò)他們對(duì)侵略性陳述和自己的相似程度作出的自我評(píng)價(jià)來(lái)判斷，比如“假如有人挑釁，我可能會(huì)出手揍他”。

For the second, participants were asked to rate how strongly they agreed or disagreed with statements designed to assess the personality traits of Machiavellianism, psychopathy and narcissism。

在第二個(gè)層面，他們被要求針對(duì)問(wèn)卷設(shè)計(jì)的具有馬基雅維利主義、病態(tài)人格和自戀癥特征的陳述，表明自己的認(rèn)同程度。

Example questions in each of these sections included 'I tend to manipulate others to get my way', 'I tend to be callous or insensitive' and 'I tend to want others to pay attention to me', respectively。

以上每一類的示例問(wèn)題分別包括“為了達(dá)成目的，我可能會(huì)利用他人”，“我很容易變得冷酷無(wú)情或麻木不仁”以及“我希望他人能關(guān)注我”。

Next, the participants answered questions relating to the 'Big 5' personality dimensions of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and emotional stability。

接下來(lái)，參與者需要回答有關(guān)外向型、親和型、自覺(jué)型與情感穩(wěn)定型的五大性格維度測(cè)試問(wèn)題。

And lastly they completed the Comprehensive Assessment of Sadistic Tendencies, which assesses a person's tendency towards 'everyday sadism'。

最后，他們會(huì)完成施虐傾向的綜合評(píng)價(jià)問(wèn)卷，測(cè)試他們是否具有“日常施虐”的人格傾向。

This involved rating on a scale how much they agreed or disagreed with statements such as 'When making fun of someone, it is especially amusing if they realise what I'm doing', and 'I enjoy tormenting people'。

這一問(wèn)卷基于他們對(duì)一系列陳述的認(rèn)同程度，如“當(dāng)惡搞某人時(shí)，如果他們意識(shí)到我對(duì)他們做了什么，我會(huì)感到特別好玩”，“我很享受折磨別人”。

'General bitter taste preferences emerged as a robust predictor for Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism and everyday sadism,' the researchers wrote in the journal Appetite。

研究者在Appetite期刊上寫道，“一般來(lái)說(shuō)，偏愛苦味是馬基雅維利式操縱狂、心理變態(tài)、自戀傾向以及施虐傾向強(qiáng)有力的預(yù)測(cè)信號(hào)。”

Agreeableness – the extent to which a person is kind, sympathetic and cooperative– was negatively correlated with bitter taste preferences, they added。

他們補(bǔ)充道，親和性(善良、有同情心和合作精神的人格維度)與偏愛苦味呈負(fù)相關(guān)。

Vocabulary

tonic water: 開胃水;奎寧水

Machiavellianism: 馬基雅維里主義;權(quán)術(shù)主義

sadism: 虐待狂

duplicitous: 奸詐的

malevolent: 惡毒的

radish: 小蘿卜

psychopathy: 精神變態(tài)

callous: 冷酷無(wú)情的