2018年10月自考英語(一)第三章應(yīng)試復(fù)習(xí)資料

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2018年10月自考英語(一)第三章應(yīng)試復(fù)習(xí)資料

Improving Your Memory

本課主要語言點(diǎn)

1. psychological adj. 心理學(xué)的

Psychological factors often play an important part in winning a competition.

(在贏得一場比賽中，心理因素常常起著重要作用。)

2. focus v. (使)聚焦，(使)集中 ( focus on ) 　n. 焦點(diǎn)，中心

He is focusing his eyes on a painting on the wall.(他正注視著墻上的一幅畫。)

3. basic adj. 基本的，基礎(chǔ)的

He even didn't have a basic aim in life.(他連生活的基本目標(biāo)都沒有。)

It is necessary to teach them some basic mathematical skills.(教他們一些基本的數(shù)學(xué)技能是必要的。)

4. principle n. 原理，原則;信念

on principle 原則上

principal adj. 主要的n. 校長，負(fù)責(zé)人;委托人

5. meaningfulness n. 富有意義

mean v. 表示…意思，意味著;打算

meaning n. 意思，意義

meaningful adj. 有意思的，意味深長的

meaningless adj. 沒有意

6. organization n. 組織;機(jī)構(gòu)

organize v. 組織

7. association n. 聯(lián)合，結(jié)合;交往;協(xié)會

associate v. 使聯(lián)合;把…聯(lián)想起來;交往 ( associate with )

associate adj. 副的

an associate professor 副教授　　　　an associate editor副主編

8. Visualization n. 想像，設(shè)想

visualize v. 設(shè)想，想像

visual adj. 視覺的;看的見的;形象化的

9. Rhyme v. 韻，押韻

Rhythm n. 節(jié)奏

10. ability n. 能力，才能

11. random adj. 胡亂的，任意的，隨意的　　n. 無目的或目標(biāo)

This is just a random selection of all the complaints we have received about our after service.

(我們只是對所收到的有關(guān)售后服務(wù)方面的投訴隨意地選擇了一下。)

He opened the books at random.(他胡亂地打開了書。)

12. categorize v. 分類

category n. 種類;范疇;部門

If you categorize the information you need to remember， you will find it much easier.

(如果你把所需記憶的信息分類，你就會覺得記憶起來要容易得多。)

13. following adj. 接著的，下述的　　prep. 在…之后

The following examples will prove my point.(下面的例子將證實(shí)我的觀點(diǎn)。)

Following the discussion a decision was made.(討論之后便做出了決定。)

14. needless adj. 不需要的，不必要的

Needless to say， I don't think much of the proposal he put forward at the meeting.

(不用說，我覺得他在會上提的建議不怎么樣。)

You don't have to take such a needless risk.(你不用去冒這種不必要的險(xiǎn)。)

15. Refer v. ( to ) 提到，涉及;參考，查閱;把…歸到…上;使向…請教;有關(guān)聯(lián)

Reference n. 參考;提及;關(guān)聯(lián)

He referred to her former classmates for her character.(他向她以前的同學(xué)詢問她的品行。)

He referred his defeat to poor health.(他把自己的失敗歸因于身體不好。)

These answers are for reference only.(這些答案僅供參考。)

16. relate v. ( to ) 有關(guān)聯(lián);敘述，講述

related adj. 有關(guān)的，相關(guān)的

relation n. 關(guān)系，聯(lián)系

I don't understand how the result related to / with the cause.(我不理解結(jié)果和原因如何關(guān)聯(lián)。)

Don't worry too much about them， they have very good relations.(別太為他們擔(dān)心，他們的關(guān)系很好。)

17. accurately adv. 準(zhǔn)確地，精確地

accurate adj. 準(zhǔn)確的，精確的

accuracy n. 準(zhǔn)確，精確

18. memorize v. 熟記，記住

memory n.記憶力

19. repeat v. 重復(fù) repetition n. 重復(fù)

20. preserve v. 保護(hù)，維持;保存

詞綴法

1. 名詞后綴 -ation; tion; sion

organization，visualization，information，preservation，integration，

relation，association，repetition，separation，addition

2. 動詞后綴 -ize

organize，memorize，visualize，categorize，familiarize

3. 名詞后綴 -ence

reference，difference

4. 名詞后綴 -ity

similarity，familairity

本課簡介

本課介紹了在如何增強(qiáng)記憶方面心理學(xué)所做的研究。信息的意義，組織，聯(lián)想和想像是有助于記憶的幾個基本原則。如何運(yùn)用這些基本原則呢?課文對此一一作了介紹，條理十分清楚。學(xué)了本課，相信會有收獲。

本課語言點(diǎn)

1. Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.

research 在本句中做名詞，這個詞也可以做動詞用。請看下面的例句，注意research的詞類和用法：

Scientists have been researching on / into the causes of brain damage.

(科學(xué)家們一直對腦損傷的起因進(jìn)行研究。)

focus on 是一個常用詞組，意思是“集中”，在生詞部分已作了較為詳細(xì)的講解，在此，請翻譯幾個句子：

她覺得很不自在，因?yàn)樗械哪抗舛甲⒁曋?She felt very uneasy as all eyes were focused on her.)

a number of 的意思是“許多”。請看下面的例句，注意a number of 和the number of 的區(qū)別：

1) A number of factories have been shut down because of pollution problems.

(由于污染問題許多工廠被關(guān)閉了。)

2) The number of students in our school increases every year.(我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)每年都在增加。)

2. It is useful to know how these principles work.

it 在句中做形式主語，真正的主語to know how these principles work，此類結(jié)構(gòu)我們在第一和第二單元已有了解。請看下面的句子：

It is important to find out why the forest fire broke out.(找出森林大火的原因很重要。)

It is difficult to know what he is thinking about.(要想知道他在想什么很困難。)

work 在本句中的意思是“起作用;產(chǎn)生影響”，

3. Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels.

affect 是動詞，意思是“影響”。常常會有一些英語學(xué)習(xí)者把動詞affect和名詞effect混淆，請注意下面的句子：

1) The drought would surely affect the harvest.(這場干旱肯定會影響到收成。)

2) We could all see the effects of the illness on him.(我們都能看出那場病在的身上的影響。)

4. Information that doesn’t make any sense to you is difficult to remember.

that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾information; 主句是Information is difficult to remember.

不定式to remember 用在做表語用的形容詞后面作狀語。

make sense 的意思是“有意義;可理解”。請看下面的句子：

His explanation makes no sense to his students.(學(xué)生們不理解他的解釋。)

5. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember.

動詞不定式to remember在句中做定語，修飾名詞ability.請看下面的句子：

He has kept the promise to come early in the morning.(他遵守了一大早來的諾言。)

make a difference 的意思是“有關(guān)系;有影響;起作用”。請看下面的句子：

1) What he said would not make any difference in my decision-making.

(他說的話不會對我做決定產(chǎn)生任何影響。)

2) Your participation in the work will make a great difference.(你參與我們的工作，情況就不一樣了。)

6. Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.

句中的better是副詞well的比較級形式，意思是“更好地”。請看下面的句子：

This job is better paid than that one.(這份工作的報(bào)酬比那份高。)

information是一個不可數(shù)名詞，不能在其后加“-s”。請看例句：

7. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.

在第一單元的Text B中我們已經(jīng)對consist of有所了解。這一詞組的意思是“由…組成”，它與be made up of;be composed of 的意思相近，但consist of 不用被動語態(tài)。請看例句：

1) The United States consists of 50 states.(美國由50個州組成。)

2) Our class is made up of 45 students.(我們班由45名同學(xué)組成。)

a bit在句中的意思是“一點(diǎn)，一些”，它可以用在形容詞的前面， 但是不能用在名詞的前面。在名詞前面必須用a bit of.請看下面的例句：

1) I am a bit tired today.(我今天有點(diǎn)累。)

2) I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice.

(如果你能給我一點(diǎn)寶貴建議我會很感激的。)

8. Categorizing is another means of organization.

句中的means是一個名詞，意思是“方式;手段”，它不是動詞mean的第三人稱單數(shù)。請看下面的例句：

Email is a modern means of communication. (電子郵件是一種現(xiàn)代通訊方式。)

9. Many people will group them into similar categories and remember them as follows：

group into在句中的意思是“把…分組;把…歸類”。請看例句：

as follows 的意思是“如下”，請看例句：

1) The full text reads as follows： (全文如下：)

2) The results are as follows： (結(jié)果如下：)

10Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.

劃線部分是該句的主要成分，forming an integrated image動名詞短語做主語，can help做謂語，us to preserve a memory做復(fù)合賓語。

斜體部分是一個“with + 名詞 + 過去分詞”的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，做方式狀語，修飾動名詞短語forming an integrated image.

不定式與名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，做動詞賓語的現(xiàn)象在英語中很常見，在前幾講中我們也遇到過。再請看幾個例句：

1) Would you like Tom to go with you?(你愿意湯姆和你一起去嗎?)

2) He wants you to see him in the afternoon.(他想讓你下午去見他。)

3) Father encouraged him to study harder.(父親鼓勵他更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。)

4) I will get someone to help you.(我去找個人來幫你。)

“with + 名詞 + 過去分詞”的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)在英語中也很常見，請看例句：

With the problem solved， the plan is going on smoothly.(隨著這個問題的解決，計(jì)劃正順利進(jìn)行。)

本課主要詞組及句型

詞組：

1. focus on 2. a number of

3. at all levels 4. make sense

5. make a difference 6. in random order

7. consist of 8. group into

9. as follows 10. needless to say

11. refer to 12. relate…to

13. associate with 14. compare with

句型：

A.定語從句

1) Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.

2) Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember

3) There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful.

4) Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.

5) Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately.

B. 動名詞做主語

1) Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.

2) Categorizing is another means of organization.

3) Forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.

Text B Short-term Memory

短語表達(dá)

1. at a later time

Go ahead with your work， I will give you a call at a later time.

I am not sure if I can remember all this at a later time.

2. in contrast (with / to)

Helen is very talkative. In contrast， her elder sister is silent.

His rudeness was in striking contrast with Jack's thoughtfulness.

3. look up

I don't remember Tom's telephone number， will you please look it up in the telephone book for me?

4. be unable to

He was unable to provide us with more information.

5. be released from

He was released from prison after he had been kept there for 5 years.

6. be rewarded with

The winner was rewarded with gift of fruit and flowers.

If the rat could find the right door， it would be rewarded with food.

語法講解：

句子的用途分類：

參照課本第107-110頁

我們重點(diǎn)講解反意疑問句和感嘆句的用法：

1.反意疑問句：

構(gòu)成：

需要注意的問題：

陳述部分由否定詞never,seldom,后面疑問部分就用肯定形式，但如果是通過加了反義前綴構(gòu)成了與原來意義相反的詞，那后面疑問部分仍然用否定形式。

She has never been to Beijing ,_has she_?

She's unhappy, isn't she ?

2.感嘆句：

she's a pretty girl.

What a pretty girl (she is ) !

He is causing a lot of trouble.

What a lot of trouble he is causing !

The girl is pretty.

How pretty the girl is !

The book is interesting .

How interesting the book is!

鞏固練習(xí)：

用what , how 填空：

___bad weather!

___cold it is !

____beautiful flowers!

_____funny!

____a pity!

用正確的形式填空：

Nobody knows about that , ____?

She must have been in the classroom , _____?

It must have rained last night , ____?