2018年10月自考英語(一)第四章應(yīng)試復(fù)習(xí)資料

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2018年10月自考英語(一)第四章應(yīng)試復(fù)習(xí)資料

Text A Fallacies about Food

本課主要單詞

1. fallacy n. 謬誤;謬論;錯誤的推理或信念

That the earth is flat used to be a popular fallacy.(地球是扁平的這一謬誤曾一度很流行。)

Needless to say， this statement is based on fallacy.(不用說，這是一個基于謬誤推理的陳述。)

2. quality n. 質(zhì)量;品質(zhì)，特性　adj. 優(yōu)質(zhì)的，高級的

He is a man of many good qualities.(他具有許多優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。)

The quality of your products is superior to that of ours.(你們的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量比我們的好。)

You have no reason to deprive me of the right to a quality education.

(你沒有理由剝奪我受良好教育的權(quán)利。)

qualify v. 使合適，使勝任

I am not very sure if he is qualified for the job.(我不很肯定他是否勝任這份工作。)

His skills qualify him for the job.(他的技藝使他有資格擔(dān)任這一工作。)

qualified adj. 有資格的;稱職的

He is trying hard to make himself a qualified teacher.(他在努力使自己成為一個稱職的教師。)

3. savage adj. 野蠻的，未開化的;兇猛的，殘酷的　n.野蠻人，粗野的人

Most of the time elephants are tame but they can be very savage.

(大多數(shù)時候大象很溫順，但他們也會大發(fā)野性。)

No one can put up with his savage manners.(誰也忍受不了他的粗暴態(tài)度。)

4. tribe n. 種族，部落;(動植物)族，類

This attitude still remains in some primitive tribes.(這種觀念在一些原始部落中依然存在。)

5. bravery n. 勇敢，大膽　brave adj. 勇敢的 　v.冒(危險等);敢于做(某事)

He made a brave attempt to prevent the group fighting.(他勇敢地試圖阻止群毆。)

They braved all the dangers and difficulties in completing their work.

(他們冒著各種危險和困難完成了任務(wù)。)

6. eager adj. 熱切的，渴望的

be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事

be eager for/about sth. 渴求某事

eager beaver 做事異常賣力的人;雄心勃勃的人

The teacher found all the students were eager to express their opinions.

(老師發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的學(xué)生都渴望表述自己的觀點。)

I am eager for the performance to begin.(我熱切地等待著演出的開始。)

7. civilized adj. 文明的，開化的

civilization n. 文明，文化

8. root n. 根;根本，根源;　v. (使)生根，(使)扎根

She flushed to the root of her hair.(她羞得滿臉通紅。)

He sat there rooted like a statue.(他像一尊雕塑一樣一動不動地坐在那兒。)

9. magic n. 魔法，魔力;魔術(shù)

magical adj. 有魔力的;神秘的

magician n. 魔術(shù)師;巫師

The prince was turned by magic into a beast.(王子被魔法變成了一只野獸。)

The magic of music is beyond words.(音樂的魅力無法用言語形容。)

He used to believe that the old lady had magical powers.(他曾以為那個老太太有魔力。

(注意：magic也可以做形容詞用，詞義和magical一樣。但是magic通常只能做定語用，而magical既可做定語用也可做表語用。)

10. poisonous adj. 有毒的

poison n.& v. 毒藥;中毒，毒死;破壞

11. overseas adv. 在海外，在國外 　adj. 海外的，國外的

He said he would travel overseas if he had a long holiday.(他說如果有長假，他就去國外旅游。)

There is a vast overseas market for our goods.(我們的產(chǎn)品有廣闊的海外市場。)

12. widespread adj. 分布廣的，普遍的

Pollution problem is now attracting widespread attention.(污染問題正引起廣泛關(guān)注。)

13. digestive adj. 消化的，有消化力的

digest v. 消化;領(lǐng)會

digestion n. 消化;領(lǐng)悟

indigestible adj. 難理解的;難消化的

It will be very helpful for you to digest the important points in the book.

(領(lǐng)會這本書中的要點將會對你很有幫助。)

14. foundation n. 根據(jù);基金會;基地

The early training gave her a very firm foundation.(早期的訓(xùn)練給她打下了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。)

In fact the rumor is without foundation.(事實上，這個謠傳沒有根據(jù)。)

15. belief n. 相信;信念

believe v. 相信;認(rèn)為

It is his belief that he will succeed sooner or later.(他相信他遲早會成功。)

What he told me just now is really beyond my belief.(他剛才對我說的話令我難以置信。)

16. combination n. 結(jié)合，聯(lián)合;化合物

combine v. 結(jié)合，聯(lián)合

The football players showed good combination.(足球隊員們配合默契。)

It will do us a lot of good if we can combine theory with practice.

(如果把理論和實際結(jié)合起來將對我們大有好處。)

17.chiefly adv. 主要地

chief n. 首領(lǐng);長官 　adj. 主要的

I think this will become the chief concern of the world today.

(我認(rèn)為這將成為當(dāng)今世界的首要關(guān)心的問題。)

the editor in chief 總編　　　　　the chief engineer 總工程師

chief executive 最高行政長官　　chief justice 首席法官

chief of staff 參謀長　　　　　　chief of state 國家元首

18. contain v. 包含;容納;克制

This mini-bus can contain 18 passengers.(這輛面包車可乘坐18人。)

How much water can this water tank contain?(這只水箱能裝多少水?)

He cannot contain himself for the joy.(他高興得不能自制。)

本課主要構(gòu)詞法

affixation 詞綴法

1.名詞后綴 -ity quality

2.名詞后綴 -ation;-ion; combination， civilization， foundation， digestion

3.名詞后綴 -ture mixture

4.形容詞后綴 -ous poisonous

5.形容詞后綴 -ible indigestible

6.形容詞后綴 -ful helpful， powerful

7.副詞前綴 over- overseas

compounding 合詞法

復(fù)合形容詞 widespread; man-eating;

本課簡介

本課主要介紹了由古至今人們對飲食的看法。遠古時候，人們認(rèn)為吃什么補什么。文明社會的人們則一度認(rèn)為人參的根，雞蛋，西紅柿有各自不同的神奇功用。今天，人們認(rèn)為魚有強身，健腦，壯骨，美膚等作用，還認(rèn)為飲食方面有諸多禁忌。如此種種的說法是否有道理，本課課文會給你一個答案。

本課主要語言點

1. Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.

本句中that 引導(dǎo)的是一個賓語從句。賓語從句在前幾個單元中我們已有了比較多的了解。掌握賓語從句并不困難。請看下面的句子：

1) He says that friendship is very important to him.(他說友誼對他很重要。)

2) Can you tell me where the bookstore is?(你能告訴我書店在哪兒嗎?)

3) I don't know whether the letter is overweight.(我不知道這封信是否超重。)

by 后面跟動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞表示某人做了某件事，并通過這件事產(chǎn)生了某個結(jié)果。請看下面的句子：

They made a living by selling newspapers.(他們通過賣報謀生。)

2. They thought that eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer.

本句中that同樣是引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句。在賓語從句中，動名詞短語eating deer做主語。

make sb. do sth.意思是“使某人做某事”。make 后面的復(fù)合賓語中動詞不定式符號to要省去，但是用被動語態(tài)時一定要用to，請看下面的句子：

1) The boss made them work from morning till night.(老板使他們從早到晚地干活。)

2) She was made to finish the book in two days (by her father)。(父親讓她兩天把書看完。)

3. Some savage tribes believed that eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave.

本句中的第一個that 引導(dǎo)的又是一個賓語從句，而后一個that 引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾enemies

本句中them brave 是make 的復(fù)合賓語，請看下面的句子：

1) Don't wait for him. He will make us late.(別等他了，他會使我們遲到的。)

2) He was afraid that the story would make things worse.(他擔(dān)心那個故事會使事情更糟。)

3) I didn't know that the news had been made public.(我不知道這個消息已經(jīng)公開了。)

4. It was once thought …

Eggs were thought to make the voice pretty.

Tomatoes were believed to have magical powers

They were called love apples and were supposed to make people who ate them fall in love.

上面的這些句子全部用的是被動語態(tài)。

suppose 是一個常用詞，請注意掌握。

1) I suppose it was reasonable for him to want his money back.(我看他想要回他的錢是合理的。)

2) I am not supposed to talk to you about this.(我不能和你談這個。)

3) Suppose / Supposing something should go wrong， what would you do?(如果有了什么差錯，你怎么辦?)

5. How surprised the people who thought tomatoes poisonous would be if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes were supplied to soldiers overseas during WWII.

“how surprised the people would be”是主句，這是一個感嘆句;who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾people;if 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句。

感嘆句通常用what 或how 引起。what 用來修飾一個名詞，how 修飾一個形容詞，副詞或動詞。

本句中that 引導(dǎo)的是一個表語從句

7. Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea.

substitute for 是一個常用詞組，意思是“代替，代用品”;substitute也可以做動詞用，意思是“替代”。請看例句：

1) Don't you think it a good idea to use plastic as a substitute for wood?

(你覺得用塑料做木材的代用品是個好主意嗎?)

2) Daydreaming cannot substitute for hard work.(白日夢不能取代辛勤的努力。)

8. Many people think of bread as a carbohydrate food.

think of … as是一個習(xí)慣用法，意思是“把…看作是…”，“認(rèn)為…是…”。請看下面的句子：

1) People think of him as a hero.(人們把他看作英雄。)

與think of …as 意思相近的習(xí)慣用法還有regard …as;consider…as;look upon…as;view…as;see …as 等等。

本課主要詞組

1. be eager to　　　　　　　　　2. be supposed to

3. fall in love　　　　　　　　　 4. grow up

5. be supplied to　　　　　　　　6. substitute for

7. have sth. to do with　　　　　　8. at the meal

9. as a matter of fact　　　　　　 10. think of …as…

11. in the same way

本課主要句型

賓語從句

1. Many people believe that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.

2. They thought eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer.

3. Some savage tribes believe that eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave

表語從句

1. One idea was that fish is the best brain food.

2. Another idea is that you should not drink water with meals.

3. The reason was that the acid in the orange juice would make the milk curdle and become indigestible.

4. A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream …for a poisonous combination.

5. Still another idea is that proteins and carbohydrates should never be eaten at the same meal.

感嘆句

1. How surprised that people…would be …。

形容詞，副詞的比較級和最高級

1. They thought eating deer would make them run as fast as deer.

2. Man-eating may have started because people were eager to become as strong and brave as their enemies.

3. One such idea is that fish is the best brain food.

4. Fish is good brain food just as it is good muscle food and skin and bone food.

5. But no one has been able to prove that fish is any better for the brain than many other kinds of food.

6. It is just as foolish to say that one should never eat meat and potatoes together as it is to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk.

Text B Do Animals Think?

短語表達

1. a great deal

We learned a great deal from her.

2. be like

Look at the little boy， he is so much like his father.

3. have time for

Don't worry， we will have enough time for discussion.

4. engage in

It is not appropriate for a former president to engage in commerce.

5. take care of

She took care of her little brother while mother was away.

6. in some / many respects

in one / this respect

He is different from the people around him in many respects.

We are lagging behind at least in one respect.

7. except

8. connect with

Good health is connected with diet.

9. make improvement in

10. by instinct

Birds build their nests by instinct.

11. speak of

Professor Blake always speaks highly of his assistant.

Did he speak of the serious earthquake that struck Taiwan last week?

12. let out

13. as if

He looked at me as if I were mad.

14. have one's wits about one〔機警，保持警覺〕

In this part of the city you have to have your wits about you all the time.

He felt it unnecessary to have his wits about him on such a friendly occasion.

15. a variety of

Don't bother him， he has a variety of duties to perform.

The college library has a wide variety of books.

16. difference between

Will you please tell me the difference between the two countries?