Planning a share portfolio
規(guī)劃股份投資
There is no shortage of tipsters around offering 'get-rich-quick' opportunities. But if you are a serious private investor, leave the Las Vegas mentality to those with money to fritter. The serious investor needs a proper 'portfolio' -- a well-planned selection of investments, with a definite structure and a clear aim. But exactly how does a newcomer to the stock market go about achieving that?
Well, if you go to five reputable stock brokers and ask them what you should do with your money, you're likely to get five different answers, -- even if you give all the relevant information about your age, family, finances and what you want from your investments. Moral? There is no one 'right' way to structure a portfolio. However, there are undoubtedly some wrong ways, and you can be sure that none of our five advisers would have suggested sinking all (or perhaps any) of your money into Periwigs.
So what should you do? We'll assume that you have sorted out the basics -- like mortgages, pensions, insurance and access to sufficient cash reserves. You should then establish your own individual aims. These are partly a matter of personal circumstances, partly a matter of psychology.
For instance, if you are older you have less time to recover from any major losses, and you may well wish to boost your pension income. So preserving your capital and generating extra income are your main priorities. In this case, you'd probably construct a portfolio with some shares (but not high risk ones), along with gilts, cash deposits, and perhaps convertibles or the income shares of split capital investment trusts.
If you are younger, and in a solid financial position, you may decide to take an aggressive approach -- but only if you're blessed with a sanguine disposition and won't suffer sleepless nights over share prices. If you recognize yourself in this description, you might include a couple of heady growth stocks in your portfolio, alongside your more pedestrian investments. Once you have decided on your investment aims, you can then decide where to put your money. The golden rule here is spread your risk -- if you put all of your money into Periwigs International, you're setting yourself up as a hostage to fortune.
*'Periwigs' is the name of a fictitious company.
INVESTOR'S CHRONICLE, March 23 1990
New words and expressions 生詞與短語(yǔ)
portfolio
n. 投資組合
tipster
n. (以提供證券投機(jī)等內(nèi)部消息為主的)情報(bào)販子
Las Vegas
n. 拉斯韋加斯
fritter
v. 揮霍，浪費(fèi)
reputable
n. 享有聲望的
broker
n. 經(jīng)紀(jì)人
finance
n. 資金，財(cái)源
mortgage
n. 抵押貸款
pension
n. 養(yǎng)老金
priority
n. 優(yōu)先權(quán)
gilt
n. 金邊證券(高度可靠的證券)
convertible
n. 可換證券
sanguine
adj. 樂(lè)觀(guān)的
heady
adj. 令人陶醉的
alongside
prep. 在……旁邊，和……一起
pedestrian
adj. 平淡無(wú)奇的，乏味的
本文參考譯文
我們周?chē)环η閳?bào)販子，向人們提供迅速發(fā)財(cái)致富的機(jī)遇。但是，如果你是一個(gè)認(rèn)真的私人投資者，就把拉斯韋加斯的心態(tài)留給那些有錢(qián)可供揮霍的人。認(rèn)真的投資者需要一份正規(guī)的投資組合表 -- 一種計(jì)劃很周密的投資選擇，包括你的投資結(jié)構(gòu)和明確的目標(biāo)。但是, 一個(gè)股票市場(chǎng)的新手又如何能做到這一點(diǎn)呢?
如果你去向5位有威望的股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人咨詢(xún)，詢(xún)問(wèn)你應(yīng)該如何使用你的資金，你可能得到5種不同的答復(fù)，即便你提供了有關(guān)于你的年齡、家庭、財(cái)源和你想從投資中獲得好處的信息。這是個(gè)道德問(wèn)題嗎?沒(méi)有一種完全“正確”的方法來(lái)排列這種投資組合，然而，卻毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地有幾種錯(cuò)誤的方法。可以相信5位經(jīng)紀(jì)人中不會(huì)有人建議你把全部(或一部份)資金投入佩里威格斯公司。
那么你該怎么做呢?我們假定你已把基本情況弄清楚了，如抵押貸款、養(yǎng)老金、保險(xiǎn)金和動(dòng)用現(xiàn)金儲(chǔ)備的機(jī)會(huì)。然后，你一定要建立起自己的目標(biāo)。這里一方面是個(gè)所處的環(huán)境，另一方面是個(gè)心理學(xué)的問(wèn)題。
比如說(shuō)，如果你年紀(jì)較大，你從重大投資損失中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)的時(shí)間就較少，你就很希望能夠提高你的養(yǎng)老金收入。因此，你的首要任務(wù)就是保護(hù)你的資金和引發(fā)額外的收入。在這種情況下，你大概想制定一份包括某些股份(但不是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很大的股份)的投資組合，同時(shí)還有高度可靠的證券、現(xiàn)金儲(chǔ)蓄，可能還有可換證券，或分割資本投資信托公司的所得股。
如果你年輕一些，并且經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況可靠，你可能會(huì)采取一種積極進(jìn)取的方式 -- 你必須性格開(kāi)朗，不會(huì)因股票價(jià)格的浮動(dòng)而夜不能眠。如果你覺(jué)得你的情況是這樣的話(huà)，你可在投資組合中包括幾項(xiàng)有令人陶醉的增值前景的增長(zhǎng)股，和其他比較平淡的投資項(xiàng)目放在一起。一旦你的投資組合中包括幾項(xiàng)有令人陶醉的增值前景的增長(zhǎng)股，和其他比較平淡的投資項(xiàng)目放在一起。一旦你的投資目標(biāo)確立以后，你就可以決定你的錢(qián)投向何處。這里的指導(dǎo)原則是：分散你的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果你把所有資金投入佩里威格斯國(guó)際公司，你就把自己當(dāng)成了命運(yùn)的人質(zhì)。
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