成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試高頻詞匯八
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成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試高頻詞匯八
11、advantage, benefit, profit
advantage常指一種使某人處于比其他人相對(duì)有利的地位,機(jī)會(huì)或時(shí)機(jī)。如:He had the advantage of good education.(受過(guò)良好的教育對(duì)他十分有利。)
profit多指報(bào)償或報(bào)償性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year?(你去年賺錢(qián)了嗎?)
benefit指物質(zhì)利益或精神方面的好處。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我個(gè)人從這家企業(yè)中并不獲益。)
12、1affect, effect
affect影響(動(dòng)詞)。如Smoking affects health.
effect效果,影響(名詞)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.
13、afford, provide, supply
都有“提供,供給”的意思。
afford一般只用于抽象事物。
provide和supply意思相同,兩個(gè)詞都和with連用,構(gòu)成provide /supply somebody with something的結(jié)構(gòu)。
14、ago, before
ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以前”,常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用,不可以單獨(dú)使用。
before指過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的某時(shí)刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成時(shí)連用,可以單獨(dú)使用。
例如,I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分鐘之前看到的他。
He told me that he had seen the film before.他告訴我他以前看過(guò)這場(chǎng)電影。
15、agree on;agree to;agree with
agree on作“就……取得一致意見(jiàn)”解。例如:
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
上月,就建一座新汽車(chē)廠之事達(dá)成了協(xié)議。
agree to有兩層含義和用法:
其一是to作為動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào),其后跟動(dòng)詞原形,作“同意(答應(yīng))做某事”解。
例如: My father agreed to buy a new pen for me.父親答應(yīng)給我買(mǎi)支新鋼筆。
其二是to作為介詞,之后跟表示“計(jì)劃/條件/建議等一類(lèi)的名詞或代詞”。例如:
They have a greed to our plan. 他們已同意我們的計(jì)劃。
agree with作“同意某人的意見(jiàn)”解,其后可跟表示人的名詞或代詞,也可跟表示“意見(jiàn)”或“說(shuō)的話”的名詞或從句。例如:
He agreed with my opinions.他同意了我的意見(jiàn)。
We agreed with what he said at the meeting.我們同意他在會(huì)上講的話。
16、alive, living, live
alive指雖有死的可能,但仍活著,一般只作表語(yǔ)。
living可用于人或物,作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可前可后。
live只做前置定語(yǔ),用于動(dòng)物和個(gè)別事物前。
17、almost, nearly
一般說(shuō)來(lái),almost比nearly表示的意思更接近“開(kāi)始”、“完成”(目標(biāo))等。
在all, every, always前,兩者都可用。如:He is almost (nearly) smoking.(他幾乎每天抽煙。)
almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing連用,而nearly卻不能。如:Almost no one believed her.(幾乎沒(méi)人相信他。)
18、alone, lonely
alone只表“獨(dú)自”的客觀狀態(tài),沒(méi)有感情色彩,只作表語(yǔ);lonely表“孤獨(dú)”,:“寂寞”,能作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely.(剩下她一人時(shí)她就感到寂寞。)
alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone須置于被修飾詞之后,only往往置于被修飾詞前。如:He alone (Only he) can remember the story.(只有他才能記起這段經(jīng)歷。)
19、altogether, all together
altogether總計(jì),總共。如:Altogether there are six of us.(我們總計(jì)六人。)
all together全都在一起。如:We played the game all together.(我們大家都一起來(lái)玩游戲吧。)
20、although; though; as
三者均可表示“盡管;雖然”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。although用法較正式,語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng);though較常用;as則主要用于倒裝句。它們的用法有如下幾點(diǎn)值得注意:
Ø 狀語(yǔ)從句由although, though或as引導(dǎo),主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列連詞,但可有yet或still等副詞。although與though常可互換。例如:
Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act.他雖然相信它,但卻不肯有所行動(dòng)。
Ø as表示“盡管;雖然”,只能用于倒裝句,即:將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在as之前。though也可這么用。例如:
Young as/though he is, he knows a lot.他雖然年紀(jì)不大,卻懂得很多。
注意:如果表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞,要省略a。例如:
Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages.雖然他是個(gè)孩子,但他會(huì)說(shuō)兩門(mén)外語(yǔ)。
Ø though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although卻不能。例如:
They said they would come; they did not, though.他們說(shuō)他們會(huì)來(lái),可是他們并沒(méi)有來(lái)。
Ø although只用來(lái)陳述“事實(shí)”,不能表示“假設(shè)”。因此可以說(shuō)even though“即使”以及as though“好像(=as if)”,不能說(shuō)even although或as although。例如:
I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes.盡管你穿著便衣,我相信你是在值勤。
21、among, between
among在……中間(三者或三者以上之間)。如:Our house is hidden among trees.
between在兩者之間。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.
22、answer, reply, respond
用作動(dòng)詞,都可表“回答”,“答復(fù)”。
answer是常用詞,后可接letter(回信),question(回答問(wèn)題),doorbell(開(kāi)門(mén)),telephone(接電話),advertisement(應(yīng)征廣告)等。
reply較正式,一般只作不及物動(dòng)詞,可與to連用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的問(wèn)題。)
respond作“回答”解,用得較少,也同to搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question.(他很快就回答了問(wèn)題。)
另外,respond還可表“對(duì)……反應(yīng)”,“響應(yīng)”。
23、approve, prove
approve(1)贊成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting time.(我不贊成浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。)
(2)批準(zhǔn),通過(guò)。如:The minister approved the building plan.部長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)了建筑計(jì)劃。
prove和approve詞形相似,prove是“證明”,“表明是”等。
24、arise/rise/raise/ arouse
arise是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“起源于(和from連用)和“出現(xiàn)”。
rise是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“上升”,該詞是不及物動(dòng)詞:rise, rose, risen
raise是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“舉起”。
arouse的意思是“引起,導(dǎo)致”。
Black smoke rose from the chimney.
He is too weak to raise that heavy box.
Accidents usually arise fromcarelessness .
A crisis has arisen in their marrige.
Matt’s behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors.
25、as (so) far as; as (so) long as
Ø as(so)far as的意思是“就……而言(所知)”,as (so) far as sth.is concerned是其中一種具體用法,意為“就某事而言”;as (so) long as意為“只要”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如:
As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs.
就我所知,一千多萬(wàn)下崗工人已經(jīng)找到了新的工作。
There is nothing that we can’t do so/as long as we keep on trying to do it.
只要我們不斷地努力去做,就沒(méi)有什么事干不成。
As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.
就中國(guó)的旅游業(yè)而言,需要做的工作還很多。
26、as though;even though;though
Ø as though(=as if),意為“好像;似乎”,引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句。如:
He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before.他說(shuō)話的口氣好像他以前來(lái)過(guò)這里。
It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.看起來(lái)好像要下雨。
Ø even though(=even if),意為“即使”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。though也引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“雖然”;even though有退一步設(shè)想的意味,與though不同。though引導(dǎo)的句子所說(shuō)的是事實(shí),even though引導(dǎo)的句子所說(shuō)的則不一定是事實(shí)。例如:
He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it.即使他知道這個(gè)秘密,他也不肯說(shuō)出來(lái)。
He will not tell the secret though he knows it.他雖然知道這個(gè)秘密,但他不會(huì)說(shuō)出來(lái)。
27、assure, ensure, insure
assure的意思是“使(某人)確信”,一般用作:assure sb. of /that…,后面不能直接跟that從句。
ensure的意思是“保證”,后面可以接雙賓語(yǔ),也可以接that從句。
insure的意思是“給…上保險(xiǎn)”。例如:
He assuredme that it was true.
We can’t ensure you a good post.
My house is insured against fire.
28、at the beginning;in the beginning
Ø at the beginning在……初;在……開(kāi)始的時(shí)候。常與of連用。例如:Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term. 學(xué)生們?cè)陂_(kāi)學(xué)初制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。
Ø in the beginning相當(dāng)于at first,表示“起初、開(kāi)始”時(shí),含“起初是這種情況,而后來(lái)卻不是這種情況”之意,不與of連用。例如:In the beginning,some of us took no interest in physics. 起初我們有些人對(duì)物理不感興趣。
29、at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time
Ø at the time通常用于過(guò)去時(shí)句子中,指某件事情發(fā)生的“當(dāng)時(shí)”、“那時(shí)”。例如:
Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time. 當(dāng)時(shí),許多人都看到了這件奇怪的事情的發(fā)生。
有時(shí),at the time的后面可接“of...”短語(yǔ)。這時(shí),它表示“在(某事態(tài))發(fā)生的時(shí)候”或“在……的時(shí)代”。例如:
Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989﹖
1989年舊金山發(fā)生地震時(shí),你在那里嗎?
Ø at that time則通常指前文明確提到的某個(gè)時(shí)期、時(shí)候。通常其后不帶“of...”短語(yǔ)。例如:
In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan.At that time
(=At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded.
Ø at one time=during a period of time in the past意為“過(guò)去有一段時(shí)期”,“曾經(jīng)”。例如:
They used to be good friends at one time. 他們?cè)?jīng)是好朋友。
Ø at a time則意為“一次”,表示一個(gè)時(shí)間單位。它常與表示數(shù)量的詞語(yǔ)連用,表示頻率。例如:
Don’t speak all at once.One at a time, please. 不要同時(shí)一起說(shuō)。一次只一個(gè)人說(shuō)。
Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time. 這些藥每天服三次,每次服三粒。
30、awake, wake, waken
都可作動(dòng)詞。
awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。
wake常指“睡醒”,多為不及物動(dòng)詞。
waken多用作及物動(dòng)詞,常指“吵醒”,“驚醒”。
31、await, wait
await是及物動(dòng)詞。如:I await your further instructions.
wait“等”、“等候”,是不及物動(dòng)詞,后常接介詞for。如:I will wait for you at the school gate.
32、award, prize, reward
award, reward作動(dòng)詞。award意為“授予(獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金等)”,后面可跟雙賓語(yǔ);reward意為“報(bào)酬”,“酬謝”,只能跟人或以人的行為作賓語(yǔ)。
award, prize, reward作名詞時(shí),award常指獎(jiǎng)金,獎(jiǎng)品;prize多指在競(jìng)賽、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中獲勝所贏得的獎(jiǎng);reward則指為某項(xiàng)勞動(dòng)或行為所付的酬金。
33、because/since/as/for
Ø 這四個(gè)詞都是表示原因或理由的連接詞,但是as,because,since是從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,for是并列連詞,所引導(dǎo)的不是原因狀語(yǔ)從句,而是表示理由的對(duì)等句子,是對(duì)前面所講內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明。在語(yǔ)氣上由強(qiáng)至弱依次為because→since→as→for。because引導(dǎo)的從句多置于句末,表示直接的原因或理由,表示產(chǎn)生那種結(jié)果的必然的因果關(guān)系,在回答why的提問(wèn)時(shí),必須用because作答。
如:We stayed at home because it rained.因?yàn)橄掠晡覀兇粼诩依铩?/p>
Ø as與since引導(dǎo)的從句多置于句首,不過(guò)as表示十分明顯的原因,只說(shuō)明一般的因果關(guān)系,可譯為“因?yàn)?、由?rdquo;;而since則表示稍加分析、對(duì)方已知的原因,一般可譯為“既然”。如:
As he was not feeling well,I decided to go there alone.由于他身體欠佳,我決定獨(dú)自去那里。
Since everyone is here,let's start.既然大家都到了,咱們就開(kāi)始吧。
Ø for引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句末,其前用逗號(hào),它所敘述的理由是間接的,即推測(cè)性理由,或是對(duì)前面敘述的事實(shí)或看法的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。如:
There must be nobody in the classroom,for the light is off.
教室里一定沒(méi)有人,因?yàn)闊魷缌恕?推測(cè)性理由)
34、beat, win
beat表在比賽和戰(zhàn)斗中打敗對(duì)手,后接對(duì)手作賓語(yǔ)。
Win作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)為游戲、比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、獎(jiǎng)金等名詞。如:He has won the race.(他贏得了賽跑的勝利。)
35、beside, besides
beside在……旁邊。如:Come and sit beside me.
besides除……之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one.
36、besides;except;but
Ø 三者都可以用作介詞。用于肯定句中時(shí),except/but意為“除……外(不再有)”;besides意為“除……外(還有)”。請(qǐng)比較:
All of them have seen the film except/but Wu Dong.除了吳東外,他們都看過(guò)了那部影片。
All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong.除了吳東看過(guò)那部影片外,他們也都看過(guò)了。
Ø except后接名詞、代詞、-ing或不定式時(shí),可以與but互換;except后接副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí),一般不能為but所替換。如:
I’ll do everything except/but cook.除了做飯,我什么事情都干。
This window is never opened except in summer.除了在夏天,這個(gè)窗子從不打開(kāi)。
Ø 用在否定句中,三者可以互換。如:
There aren’t any other people to do the work except/but/besides you.
除了你,沒(méi)人能做這工作。
37、be known as;be known for;be known to; be known in
Ø be known as意為“作為……而著名”,其后的名詞表示一個(gè)人的身份、職業(yè)等。如:
Liu Huan is known as a singer.劉歡作為一個(gè)歌手而出名。
We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist.我們相信你會(huì)成為一位著名的畫(huà)家。
Ø be known for意為“因……而著名”,其后所接內(nèi)容表示某人或物的特點(diǎn)、特長(zhǎng)等。如:
Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.桂林因其美麗的山水而聞名。
Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day.
蓋爾多夫先生因在同一天組織兩場(chǎng)大型的流行音樂(lè)會(huì)而出名。
Ø be known to“為……所了解/知道”,其后接表示人的詞語(yǔ)。“(人們都)知道”,其后接動(dòng)詞原形。如:
He is known to all in our village.村子里的人都了解他。
He was known to have invented many things.=It was known that he had invented many things.
人們都知道他已經(jīng)發(fā)明了很多東西。
38、borrow, lend
borrow借入。如:Can I borrow your pen for a moment?
lend把……借給。如:Can you lend me your bike?
39、bring/take/fetch/carry
bring (vt.)帶來(lái):表示從別處把某人或某物拿到說(shuō)話者處。
take (vt.)取走:表示將某物從講話者處帶走
fetch (vt.)去取:表示到某地將某物或某人拿到講話者處。
carry (vt.)攜帶:表示用人力或交通工具把某物或某人,從一地帶到另一地。該動(dòng)詞不含方向意味。
The ball went over the fence and one of the players asked a boy to fetch it.
The city’s underground carries more people than the buses.
You had better take an umbrella with you in case of rain.
Waiter, bring me a bottle of beer please.
40、cause, reason
cause指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因,后接of sth./doing sth
reason用來(lái)解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的理由,后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late
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