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銆€銆€Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned1.Government bureaus锛宼rade and travel associations锛宑arriers and properties2 are all working together to bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.
銆€銆€1 They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services锛宎nd they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies锛宻uch as journals锛宐rochures4 and advertising projects. 2
銆€銆€Tourist counselors give valuable seminars5 to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. 3
銆€銆€Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts,considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. 4銆€銆€5 Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers锛宎nd agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours.All services must work together for greater efficiency锛宖air pricing and contented customers.
銆€銆€瑭炲尟锛氥€€銆€bureau n.灞€锛岄儴闁€ sponsor v.鐧�(f膩)璧�锛岃磰鍔�
銆€銆€agency n.(鏃呰)绀� acquaint v.浣跨啛鎮�
銆€銆€Car-rental n.姹借粖绉熻硟 purchase n.璩艰卜
銆€銆€contented adj.婊挎剰鐨�
銆€銆€娉ㄩ噵锛�
銆€銆€1.concerned锛歝oncerned涓€瑭炰綔瀹氳獮鏅傚父甯告斁鍦ㄦ墍淇>鐨勮鎴栫煭瑾炵殑鍚庨潰锛岃〃绀�“鏈夐棞鐨�”銆備緥濡傦細Everyone concerned must sign their names here.
銆€銆€2.carriers and properties锛氭寚閬嬭几鍏徃鍜屾埧鍦扮敘(ch菐n)鍏徃銆�
銆€銆€3.optimum锛氬舰瀹硅锛屾剰鐐�“鏈€浣崇殑”銆傚張濡傦細an optimum temperature for this kind of flower:閬╁悎閫欑ó鑺辩敓闀风殑鏈€浣虫韩搴�
銆€銆€4.brochure锛氭寚鍏锋湁瀹e偝鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫皬鍐婂瓙
銆€銆€5.seminar锛氱爺瑷庢渻
銆€銆€6.conversely锛氱浉鍙嶅湴锛屽弽閬庝締瑾€傚張濡傦細The teacher gave the students knowledge锛宎nd conversely锛宼he students offered the teacher their warmest gratitude.
銆€銆€绶寸繏锛�
銆€銆€A The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers锛宨ncluding car-rental and sight-seeing services.
銆€銆€B They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.
銆€銆€C Travel operators锛宻pecialists in the field of planning锛宻ponsor extensive research programs.
銆€銆€D As a result of teamwork锛宼ourism is flouring in all countries.
銆€銆€E Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels锛宎nd锛宑onversely6锛宧otels rely upon agencies锛�
銆€銆€to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.
銆€銆€F In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel—planes锛宻hips锛宼rains锛宮otorcoaches 锛宑ar-rentals锛宎nd even car purchases.
銆€銆€绛旀锛�1.C 2.B 3.F 4.E 5.A
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銆€銆€What is a Profit
銆€銆€Entrepreneurship is directly responsible for production. The business person (entrepreneur) takes a cue from consumers in deciding what they want - or, in the case of a new product, __1__.
銆€銆€Profit means different things to different people. According to some public opinion polls, many people are not sure what it is, but they are sure __2__. Workers may look at profit as an unfairly large payment to the entrepreneur that deprives them of a higher wage. The business person thinks of profit __3__. During negotiations before the settlement of the second baseball strike in August, 1985, the Players’ Association claimed the owners had made profits of $91 million, an accounting firm said owner profits were $43 million, and the owners insisted they had lost $9 million. The truth was that all three were correct. The disparity in the figures was due to the fact that each group was defining profit differently. Let us now see if we can develop a more exact definition of what profit is.
銆€銆€Gross profit is the difference between what a business firm sells its product for and what it costs to produce that product. The merchant buys $200,000 worth of merchandise during the year and sells it for $270,000. His gross profit is $70,000. The percentage difference between his cost and the selling price is 35 percent, and he calls this markup.
銆€銆€Net profit is __4__--rent, wages, and interest-and setting aside money to allow for the loss due to depreciation (wearing out) of capital. Our merchant has to subtract from his gross profit his payments for rent ($6,000), wages ($20,000), interest on money borrowed ($1,000), repairs and upkeep ($1,000), taxes ($1,000), electricity and other expenses $1,000. Expenses for operating the business come to $30,000. Gross profit is $70,000, and net profit is $40,000.
銆€銆€Economists have a narrower definition of what constitutes profit. They are concerned with payment for all the resources that have gone into production, __5__, like those listed above, or from inside the business.
銆€銆€Exercise:
銆€銆€A what profit really means
銆€銆€B it is too large and represents too much of the consumer’s dollar
銆€銆€C whether they come from outside the business
銆€銆€D as the difference between total revenue and total cost
銆€銆€E what the business person has left after paying expenses
銆€銆€F what they might want
銆€銆€绛旀: DBECA
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