會(huì)計(jì)從業(yè)資格《會(huì)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)》知識(shí)點(diǎn):會(huì)計(jì)的職能與方法
一、會(huì)計(jì)的職能
會(huì)計(jì)的職能是指會(huì)計(jì)在經(jīng)濟(jì)管理過程中所具有的功能,具有會(huì)計(jì)核算和會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督兩項(xiàng)基本職能以及預(yù)測經(jīng)濟(jì)前景、參與經(jīng)濟(jì)決策、評(píng)價(jià)經(jīng)營業(yè)績等拓展職能。
二、會(huì)計(jì)的基本職能
會(huì)計(jì)核算和會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督是會(huì)計(jì)的基本職能,其中會(huì)計(jì)核算是首要職能,是最基本的職能。
1、會(huì)計(jì)核算:又稱會(huì)計(jì)反映,是指會(huì)計(jì)以貨幣為主要計(jì)量單位,通過確認(rèn)、計(jì)量和報(bào)告,反映特定會(huì)計(jì)主體的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng),向有關(guān)各方提供會(huì)計(jì)信息。會(huì)計(jì)核算方法有7個(gè):
填制和審核會(huì)計(jì)憑證(會(huì)計(jì)核算的起點(diǎn));
復(fù)式記賬(核心);
設(shè)置會(huì)計(jì)科目和賬戶;
登記會(huì)計(jì)賬簿;
成本計(jì)算;
財(cái)產(chǎn)清查;
編制財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表(會(huì)計(jì)核算的終點(diǎn))。
2、會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督:又稱會(huì)計(jì)控制,是指會(huì)計(jì)人員在進(jìn)行會(huì)計(jì)核算的同時(shí),對(duì)特定主體經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的真實(shí)性、合法性、合理性等進(jìn)行審查。
3、會(huì)計(jì)核算與會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督的關(guān)系:對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行監(jiān)督的前提是正確地進(jìn)行會(huì)計(jì)核算,相關(guān)
而可靠的會(huì)計(jì)資料是會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督的基礎(chǔ),沒有核算所提供的各種信息,監(jiān)督就失去依據(jù)。會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督又是會(huì)計(jì)核算質(zhì)量的保障,從而保證會(huì)計(jì)信息的真實(shí)、可靠。
補(bǔ)充小知識(shí):會(huì)計(jì)的拓展職能
除上述兩個(gè)基本職能外,會(huì)計(jì)還具有預(yù)測經(jīng)濟(jì)前景、參與經(jīng)濟(jì)決策及評(píng)價(jià)經(jīng)營業(yè)績等功能。
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