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鏀惰棌
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銆€銆€銆婁簩绱�绛嗚瀵�(sh铆)鍕�(w霉)銆�
銆€銆€1. 鑻辫婕㈢涓€绡囷細绡€(ji茅)閬歌嚜The New York Times锛屽師鏂囨(bi膩o)椤岀偤锛歅aris Employs a Few Black Sheep to Tend, and Eat, a City Field
銆€銆€The archivists requested a donkey, but what they got from the mayor鈥檚 office were four wary black sheep, which, as of Wednesday morning, were chewing away at a lumpy field of 銆€grass beside the municipal archives building as the City of Paris鈥檚 newest, shaggiest lawn mowers. Mayor Bertrand Delanoë has made the environment a priority since his election in 2001, with popular bike- and car-sharing programs, an expanded network of designated lanes for bicycles and buses, and an enormous project to pedestrianize the banks along much of the Seine.
銆€銆€The sheep, which are to mow (and, not inconsequentially, fertilize) an airy half-acre patch in the 19th District intended in the same spirit. City Hall refers to the project as 鈥渆co-grazing,鈥� and it notes that the four ewes will prevent the use of noisy, gas-guzzling mowers and cut down on the use of herbicides.
銆€銆€Paris has plans for a slightly larger eco-grazing project not far from the archives building, assuming all goes well; similar projects have been under way in smaller towns in the region in recent years.
銆€銆€The sheep, from a rare, diminutive Breton breed called Ouessant, stand just about two feet high. Chosen for their hardiness, city officials said, they will pasture here until October inside a three-foot-high, yellow electrified fence.
銆€銆€鈥淭his is really not a one-shot deal,鈥� insisted Ren茅 Dutrey, the adjunct mayor for the environment and sustainable development. Mr. Dutrey, a fast-talking man in orange-striped Adidas Samba sneakers, noted that the sheep had cost the city a total of just about $335, though no further economic projections have been drawn up for the time being.
銆€銆€A metal fence surrounds the grounds of the archives, and a security guard stands watch at the gate, so there is little risk that local predators 鈥� large, unleashed dogs, for instance 鈥� will be able to reach the ewes.
銆€銆€Curious humans, however, are encouraged to visit the sheep, and perhaps the archives, too. The eco-grazing project began as an initiative to attract the public to the archives, and informational panels have been put in place to explain what, exactly, the sheep are doing here.
銆€銆€But the archivists have had to be trained to care for the animals. In the unlikely event that a ewe should flip onto her back, Ms. Masson said, someone must rush to put her back on her feet.
銆€銆€2. 鑻辫婕㈢浜岀瘒锛氬悓妯ｇ瘈(ji茅)閬歌嚜The New York Times锛屽師鏂囨(bi膩o)椤岀偤锛歂. Joseph Woodland, Inventor of the Bar Code, Dies at 91
銆€銆€Norman Joseph Woodland was born in Atlantic City on Sept. 6, 1921. As a Boy Scout he learned Morse code, the spark that would ignite his invention.
銆€銆€After spending World War II on the Manhattan Project , Mr. Woodland resumed his studies at the Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia (it is now Drexel University), earning a bachelor鈥檚 degree in 1947.
銆€銆€As an undergraduate, Mr. Woodland perfected a system for delivering elevator music efficiently. He planned to pursue the project commercially, but his father, who had come of age in 鈥淏oardwalk Empire鈥�-era Atlantic City, forbade it: elevator music, he said, was controlled by the mob, and no son of his was going to come within spitting distance.
銆€銆€The younger Mr. Woodland returned to Drexel for a master鈥檚 degree. In 1948, a local supermarket executive visited the campus, where he implored a dean to develop an efficient means of encoding product data. The dean demurred, but Mr. Silver, a fellow graduate student who overheard their conversation, was intrigued. He conscripted Mr. Woodland.
銆€銆€An early idea of theirs, which involved printing product information in fluorescent ink and reading it with ultraviolet light, proved unworkable.
銆€銆€But Mr. Woodland, convinced that a solution was close at hand, quit graduate school to devote himself to the problem. He holed up at his grandparents鈥� home in Miami Beach, where he spent the winter of 1948-49 in a chair in the sand, thinking.
銆€銆€To represent information visually, he realized, he would need a code. The only code he knew was the one he had learned in the Boy Scouts.
銆€銆€What would happen, Mr. Woodland wondered one day, if Morse code, with its elegant simplicity and limitless combinatorial potential, were adapted graphically? He began trailing his fingers idly through the sand.
銆€銆€鈥淲hat I鈥檓 going to tell you sounds like a fairy tale,鈥� Mr. Woodland told Smithsonian magazine in 1999. 鈥淚 poked my four fingers into the sand and for whatever reason 鈥� I didn鈥檛 know 鈥� I pulled my hand toward me and drew four lines. Now I have four lines, and they could be wide lines and narrow lines instead of dots and dashes.鈥� 鈥�
銆€銆€Today, bar codes appears on the surface of almost every product of contemporary life. All because a bright young man, his mind ablaze with dots and dashes, one day raked his fingers through the sand.
銆€銆€3. 婕㈣鑻辩涓€绡囷細涓湅寮忛亷棣矾
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