鑻辫婕�

They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light years from earth. But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected; the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite -Cobe-had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang(the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).

The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According the the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginable dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans.

Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and super clusters of galaxies. They shouldn't have long to wait. Astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.

If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation says that very early on, the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion -trillion -trillion-fold in much less than a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity. Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.

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瑭炵京鎺ㄦ暡锛�

even more important 鏇寸偤閲嶈鐨勬槸

it was the farthest 閫欐槸鏈€閬欓仩鐨勫畤瀹欎簯

it 鐢变簬鏈�“the farthest”浣滆〃瑾�锛屾墍浠ヨ浣�“閫�”銆�

the farthest 绛変簬“the farthest strip of enormous cosmic clouds”

look into 瑙€瀵�锛岃(di脿o)鏌�锛岀€忚

what they were seeing

they 鎸囦唬“scientists”锛屽彲浠ヨ浣�“浠栧€�”銆�

the patterns and structures(of cosmic clouds)(瀹囧畽浜戠殑)褰㈢媭鍜岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

15 billion years ago 150鍎勫勾鍓�

the giant (cosmos)clouds 宸ㄥぇ鐨�(瀹囧畽)浜�

virtually required for锛氬繀涓嶅彲灏�

virtual锛歟xisting or resulting in essence or effect though not in actual fact, form, or name 瀵﹁唱(zh矛)涓婄殑锛屽闅涗笂鐨勯洊鐒舵矑鏈夊闅涚殑浜嬪銆佸舰寮忔垨鍚嶇京锛屼絾鍦ㄥ闅涗笂鎴栨晥鏋滀笂瀛樺湪鎴栫敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑

the Big Bang 澶х垎鐐哥悊璜�

first put forward 棣栧壍(chu脿ng)鐨�锛岄枊濮嬫彁鍑虹殑

in the 1920s 浜屽崄涓栫磤浜屽崄骞翠唬

to maintain its reign as 浠ヤ繚鎸�……鐨勫湴浣�

maintain锛歵o keep up or carry on; continue 缍寔鎴栦繚鎸�;绻肩簩(x霉)

its 鎸囦唬“the Big Bang”锛岃浣�“瀹冪殑”

reign锛歞ominance or widespread influence 涓诲鍗犵当(t菕ng)娌诲湴浣嶇殑鎴栬€呭唬娉涚殑褰遍熆

as the dominant explanation of cosmos 浣滅偤灏嶅畤瀹�(璧锋簮璜�)鐨勪富瑕佽В閲�

dominant锛歟xercising the most influence or control 鏀厤鐨勬渶鏈夊奖闊跨殑鎴栨敮閰嶇殑

astrophysicist锛氬ぉ楂旂墿鐞嗗瀹�锛屽ぉ鏂囩墿鐞嗗瀹�

working with 浣跨敤锛屼互……鐐哄伐浣滄墜娈�

ground-based detectors 浠ュ湴闈㈢偤鍩虹鐨勬帰娓櫒锛岄櫢鍩烘帰娓櫒

ground-based = based on the ground

ground-bases detectors锛氶櫢鍩烘帰娓櫒

balloon-borne instruments 鐞冭級鍎€鍣�

are closing in on 姝ｈ秺渚嗚秺杩�

such structures 浜戠郴

findings a conclusion reached after examination or investigation 绲�(ji茅)鏋�锛岀祼(ji茅)璜栨鏌ユ垨瑾�(di脿o)鏌ュ悗寰楀嚭鐨勭祼(ji茅)鏋�銆傛垜鍊戝彲浠ョ炕璀偤瑙€娓祼(ji茅)鏋�

the small hot spots 灏忕啽榛�

look as expected = look as they (hot spots) were expected鎴栬€卨ook as we (scientists) expected锛岃浣�“鐪嬩笂鍘绘濡傛墍鏂�”銆�

triumph锛歵he fact of being victorious; victory or conquest 鍕濆埄锛屽緱鍕濆嫕鍒╃殑浜嬪锛屽嫕鍒╂垨寰佹湇

yet锛氳〃绀哄挤瑾�(di脿o)锛岃浣�“鍐�锛岄倓锛屽張”

refinement 鏇村畬缇庯紝鎻愮厜锛屾敼閫诧紝鐩哥暥浜庡師鏂囦腑鐨�“better the

called锛氫綔鍚庣疆瀹氳獮锛岃浣�“鎵€璎傜殑……”锛�“浜哄€戠ū涔嬬偤……”

the inflationary universe theory 瀹囧畽鑶ㄨ劰瑾�/鐞嗚珫

inflation锛歵he act of inflating or the state of being inflated 鍏呮埃鍏呭～姘ｉ珨鐨勫嫊浣滄垨琚厖姘ｇ殑鐙€鎱�(t脿i)

Odd though it sounds锛氬€掕绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆� 閭勫師鐐猴細though it sounds odd 闆栫劧鑱戒技濂囩壒銆�

odd锛氬鐗癸紝鍙ゆ€�

it 鎸囦唬“cosmic inflation”(瀹囧畽鑶ㄨ劰瑾�)

cosmic inflation = inflationary universe theory /cosmic inflation theory 瀹囧畽鑶ㄨ劰瑾�

a scientifically plausible consequence / of some respected ideas / in elementary-particle physics锛氬熀鏈矑瀛愮墿鐞嗗涓竴浜涘叕瑾嶇殑鐞嗚珫鍦ㄧ瀛镐笂鐪嬩締鍙俊鐨勬帹璜�銆�

scientifically plausible consequence 绉戝涓婂彲淇＄殑鎺ㄨ珫

in elementary-particle physics 鍩烘湰绮掑瓙鐗╃悊瀛�锛岄棞(gu膩n)閸佃“physics”銆�

respected ideas 鍏獚鐨勭悊璜�锛屾瑠(qu谩n)濞佺悊璜�

plausible锛歴eemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable; credible 鐪嬩技鐪熷鐨�锛岀湅浼兼湁閬撶悊鐨勭湅璧蜂締鎴栬〃闈笂姝ｇ⒑鐨�銆佸彲鑳界殑鎴栧彲鎺ュ彈鐨�;鍙潬鐨�

convince锛歵o bring by the use of argument or evidence to firm belief or a course of action 瑾湇閫氶亷閫茶杈珫鎴栬€呮彁渚涜瓑鎿�(j霉)浣�…纰轰俊鎴栦娇…閲囧彇鏌愮ó琛岀偤

for the better part of a decade 涓冨叓骞翠締

better = greater澶ч儴鍒�